Nucleic acid duplexes containing non-Watson–Crick base pairs are of interest to several fields including structural biology, supramolecular chemistry, origin of life, and synthetic biology. An early observation of a natural non-Watson–Crick base pair was the tRNA–mRNA adenine–inosine wobble pair, and it is now known that purine–purine pairs occur frequently in natural RNAs, including ribosomes ...

Takayuki Koyano, Karin Barnouin, Ambrosius P. Snijders, Kazunori Kume, Dai Hirata and Takashi Toda* Lincoln’s Inn Fields Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK Clare Hall Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, UK Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Scien...

There are two concepts of consciousness, access consciousness and phenomenal consciousness. But just as the concepts of water and H2O are different concepts of the same thing, so the two concepts of consciousness might come to the same thing in the brain. Some recent papers by Crick and Koch raise issues that suggest that these two concepts of consciousness might have different (though overlapp...

Watson-Crick (WK) finite automata are working on a tape, that is, DNA molecule. A double stranded molecule contains two strands, each having 5' and 3' end, these strands together form the with following properties. The have same length, their to directions opposite, in position, nucleotides complement of other (by complementary relation). Consequently, WK reading heads, one for strand. In tradi...

No one did more to draw neuroscientists' attention to the problem of consciousness in the twentieth century than Francis Crick, who may be better known as the co-discoverer (with James Watson) of the structure of DNA. Crick focused his research on visual awareness and based his analysis on the progress made over the last fifty years in uncovering the neural mechanisms underlying visual percepti...