Most of the world’s power grids are controlled remotely. Their control messages are sent over potentially insecure channels, driving the need for an authentication mechanism. The main communication mechanism for power grids and other utilities is defined by an IEEE standard, referred to as DNP3; this includes the Secure Authentication v5 (SAv5) protocol, which aims to ensure that messages are a...

The authors explore the evolution of one cognitive mechanism required for altruistic behavior: the capacity to inhibit prepotent responses. Specifically, the authors used an object retrieval task to investigate whether capuchins (Cebus apella) can inhibit ii prepotent siraiegy of reaching directly for a food reward. Success in this task varies across species and across development, but is also ...

The newly synthesized Tamarind 2-Hydroxy-2-Methyl Butyric Acid (THMBA) resin for elimination of hazardous waste metal ions was developed from industrial effluents. Tamarin kernel powder (TKP) has been studied their good sorption properties and found to have potential management. In the laboratory, chemically produced Tamarind-2-hydroxy-2-methyl butyric acid derivative employed Zn2+, Pb2+, Cd2+i...

The cooperative breeding hypothesis posits that cooperatively breeding species are motivated to act prosocially, that is, to behave in ways that provide benefits to others, and that cooperative breeding has played a central role in the evolution of human prosociality. However, investigations of prosocial behaviour in cooperative breeders have produced varying results and the mechanisms contribu...

Previous work suggests that human infants are capable of rapidly generalizing patterns that have been characterized as abstract algebraic rules (Science 283 (1999) 77), a process that may play a pivotal role in language acquisition. Here we explore whether this capacity is uniquely human and evolved specifically for the computational problems associated with language, or whether this mechanism ...