Links between emission trading programs are not immutable, as highlighted by New Jersey's exit from the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative in 2011. This raises the question of what to do with existing permits that are banked for future use—choices that have consequences for market behavior in advance of, or upon speculation about, delinking. We consider two delinking policies. One differentiate...

• A two-phase individual-level model was developed to evaluate the costeffectiveness of eltrombopag treatment in thrombocytopenic HCVpatients over a lifetime horizon. • Individual-level models are more flexible and provide more accurate estimations than Markov approaches. • A set of mathematical distributions were developed using data from trials ENABLE 1 and 22 and local studies3,4, to describ...

have been introduced in a numberof countries, butthe evidence base to supportthemislimited.Inparticular there are very feweconomic evaluations, which are crucial if decision-makers are to have a better understanding of how scarce resources canbe used appropriately.This paperdiscusses the different approaches used in economic evaluations and shows how these differ inthewayinwhich outcomes aremea...

Building modern telemetry systems is fraught with challenges involving subsystem integration, the role and management of data, scalability issues, disparate technologies, concerns about costeffectiveness and more. This article addresses today’s challenges with a solution based on adopting a data-oriented architecture and relying on a standards-based, integrated highperformance middleware platfo...

Depression affects one in four adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and is associated with worsened diabetes complications, increased health care costs and early mortality. Rural and low-income urban areas, including the Appalachian region, represent an epicenter of the T2DM epidemic. Program ACTIVE II is a comparative effectiveness treatment trial designed to test whether a combination of cognit...

ƒ In each study, we used a simulation model to identify a subpopulation based on age and clinical risk, for whom we used genetic testing to find intensified prevention measures, which was optimally costeffective. ƒ As more genetic tests become available, this method can be used to identify screening strategies that maximize cost-effectiveness. ƒ We develop a framework for stratified costeffecti...

Electrochemical bubbling transfer of graphene is a technique with high industrial potential due to its scalability, timeand costeffectiveness, and ecofriendliness. However, the graphene is often damaged due to the turbulence and the trapped bubbles formed by the direct H 2 O and H permeation through the supporting polymer. We invent a graphene mechanical support of polyethylene terephthalate fo...

Background The goal of public health interventions is to move the distribution of life style risk factors in a healthier direction to decrease disability-causing disease and improve quality of life in the population. We recently presented a novel method to estimate the population-level impact of a public health intervention, using changes in the distribution curve of the outcome of interest. Th...

Agricultural extension continues to offer hope for improving the lives of rural poor in the developing world. Yet the difficulty of achieving that goal persists. This paper proposes a four-stage decision tree for implementing and evaluating the economic sustainability of extension programs that focuses on sources, delivery methods, evaluations, and fiscal support. It then evaluates the costeffe...

Risk assessment of patients with non–ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTEACS) plays an important role in determining the prognosis. This enhances the costeffectiveness of patient care by allowing evidence-based treatments (such as antiplatelet, anti-thrombotic, and revascularization therapies) to be targeted at the patients who are most likely to benefit from their use. The clinical hist...