Sexual selection can increase morphological diversity within and among species. Little is known regarding how interspecific variation produced through sexual selection affects other functional systems. Here, we examine how morphological diversity resulting from sexual selection impacts aerobic locomotor performance. Using Xiphophorus (swordtail fish) and their close relatives (N = 19 species), ...

OBJECTIVE Our study examines the financial cost of lymphedema following a diagnosis of breast cancer and addresses a significant knowledge gap regarding the additional impact of lymphedema on breast cancer survivors. METHODS An online national survey was conducted with 361 women who had either breast cancer without lymphedema (BC) (group 1, n = 209) or breast cancer with lymphedema (BC+LE) (g...

the world health organization’s (who’s) world health report 2010, “health systems financing, the path to universal coverage,” promoted universal health coverage (uhc) as an aspirational objective for country health systems. yet, in addition to the dimensions of services and coverage, distribution of coverage in the population, and financial risk protection highlighted by the report, the conside...

background considerable development of mri technology in diagnostic imaging, high cost of mri technology and controversial issues concerning official charges (tariffs) have been the main motivations to define and implement this study. objectives the present study aimed to calculate the unit-cost of mri services using activity-based costing (abc) as a modern cost accounting system and to fairly ...

Background and purpose: To determine an appropriate financial model for the health system of Iran, several studies have been conducted. But it seems that these studies were not comprehensive and further investigation is required. So to design a valid and enforceable mechanism, the study of policy interventions will be considered through consensus of all stakeholders. This investigation was done...

The objective of this review is to give an overview of published cost of illness (COI) studies on status epilepticus (SE). For identifying COI studies that evaluated the direct and indirect costs of SE, a systematic literature review was performed. We used a standardized assessment form for extracting information on the study design, methodological framework, and data sources from each publicat...

background this cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the average costs of breast cancer screening and treatment among women with the age of 25 and over in shiraz-iran.   methods three majors hospitals affiliated with shiraz university of medical sciences (sums) were selected for data collection. financial documents and interviews with the hospitals’ financial officers were used for da...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the cost savings of a pharmacist-led, employer-sponsored medication therapy management (MTM) program for diabetic patients and to assess for any changes in patient satisfaction and self-reported medication adherence for enrollees. METHODS Participants in this study were enrollees of an employer-sponsored MTM program. They were included if ...