During the early days of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, continuous space-time and Lorentz symmetry was considered inappropriate to describe the small scale structure of the universe. It was also argued that one should introduce a fundamental length scale, limiting the precision of position measurements. The introduction of fundamental length is suggested to cure the ultraviolet div...

Inflationary cosmology has provided a predictive and phenomenologically very successful scenario for early universe cosmology. Attempts to implement inflation using scalar fields, however, lead to models with serious conceptual problems. I will discuss some of the problems, explain why string theory could provide solutions to a subset of these problems, and give a brief overview of “string gas ...

In 2001 Lori M. Lubin and Allan Sandage, using big-bang cosmology for interpreting the data, found the surface brightness of galaxies to be inversely proportional to about the third power of (1+z), while the contemporary big-bang cosmology predicts that the surface brightness is inversely proportional to the fourth power of (1+z). In contrast, these surface brightness observations are in agreem...

Abstract The higher order generalisation of the clockwork mechanism to gravitational interactions provides a means generate an exponentially suppressed coupling matter from fundamental theory multiple interacting gravitons, without introducing large hierarchies in underlying potential and need for dilaton, suggesting possible application hierarchy problem. We work framework ghost free multi-gra...