BACKGROUND Although correctional officers (COs) clearly suffer from depression, positive resources for combating depression have been rarely studied in this population. The purpose of the study was to examine the associations of perceived organizational support (POS) and psychological capital (PsyCap) with depressive symptoms among Chinese COs. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted i...

The theoretical basis for the link between the leaf exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and water vapour (H(2)O) and the assumptions that need to be made in order to use COS as a tracer for canopy net photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance, are reviewed. The ratios of COS to CO(2) and H(2)O deposition velocities used to this end are shown to vary with the ...

1 Review of the Bayes Algorithm Last time we talked about the Bayes algorithm, in which we give priors π i to each expert. The algorithm maintains weights w t,i for each expert. The π i values serve as the initial weights for the experts. Experts predict the distributions p t,i over the same set X, and the algorithm predicts the q t distribution as a mixture of those distributions. To restate i...

Suppose we are given examples x1, x2 . . . , xm drawn from a probability distribution D over some discrete space X. In the end, our goal is to estimate D by finding a model which fits the data, but is not too complex. As a first step, we need to be able to measure the quality of our model. This is where we introduce the notion of maximum likelihood. To motivate this notion suppose D is distribu...

Cells are fundamental building blocks of living organisms. Cells contain a nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts, endoplasmatic reticulum, ribosomes, vacuoles, etc. The nucleus is important organelle because it houses chromosomes which include the DNA. The DNA is in essence a blueprint of the organism as it encodes information needed to synthesize proteins. Molecular biologists would like to u...

In this problem, two types of data will be available. The first type of data we will have is called presence records. Presence records are pixels on the grid map where the species of concern was observed. The same pixel may be present multiple times if the species was observed more than one time within that pixel. The second type of data we will have is called environmental variables. Each envi...

Zt e −αty i ht(x i) ; where α t = 1 2 ln 1−t t , t = err Dt (h t), and Z t is normalization factor. end output: final/combined hypothesis: H(x) = sign(T t=1 α t h t (x)). Last time, we have shown that the training error goes down very quickly with respect to the number of rounds of boosting T 1. However, what is the performance of the generalization error of AdaBoost? How do we estimate the upp...

(b) Give a general real solution of the homogeneous equation Ly = 0. Solution. A general solution is y = c1e −2t cos(3t) + c2e −2t sin(3t) + c3 cos(7t) + c4 sin(7t) + c5t cos(7t) + c6t sin(7t) + c7e 5t + c8t e 5t + c9t e + c10e −3t + c11 + c12t . The reasoning is as follows: • the single conjugate pair −2± i3 yields e cos(3t) and e sin(3t); • the double conjugate pair ±i7 yields cos(7t) , sin(7...

Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative bacterium that induces severely rapid pathological progress. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of two water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharides, COS A (MW, 10,000 Da) and COS B (MW, 1,000 Da), from 90-95% deacetylated chitosan, against V. vulnificus in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with COS A resulted in significantly higher suppressive eff...

Cobalt-based electrocatalysts have been considered promising materials for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we now report synthesis of vanadium-doped CoS/Co9S8 heterostructures embedded on carbon nanorods (V-CoS/Co9S8@CNR), which was realized through one-step sulfurization Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67 (ZIF-67) grown V2O5 (V2O5@ZIF-67). The results experiment and theoretical cal...