The hole transport material (HTM) of organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) plays a very important role for achieving high power conversion efficiency and long-term stability. 2,2’,7,7’-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9-9’-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) is the first solid-state HTM used in PVSCs has gained tremendous attention during last decade. Herein, concept spirolinkage sy...

Water supply schemes should be technically and socially sustainable for smooth running, operation maintenances. Failure in either one of these leads to the whole system failure. Once is feasible, we can manage its social aspects. In this paper, deal with technical sustainability corrosive water, impacts remedial measures. Corrosive water severely damage intakes, metal pipes, cemented chambers, ...

Improvement of corrosion resistance austenitic 316L stainless steel via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is currently a prominent research topic; however, the effects crystallographic texture and related grain boundary density on LPBF-fabricated parts have not been elucidated. For biomedical applications, control from single crystalline-like to randomly oriented polycrystalline microstructure hig...

The iterated prisoner's dilemma (IPD) has been widely used in the biological and social sciences to model dyadic cooperation. While most of this work has focused on the discrete prisoner's dilemma, in which actors choose between cooperation and defection, there has been some analysis of the continuous IPD, in which actors can choose any level of cooperation from zero to one. Here, we analyse a ...

Nowadays the provision of safety food products for human health, including animal origin, is extremely important in world. Since 2007, Russian Federation has been monitoring and feed order to protect public assess veterinary imported domestic raw materials, its processing feed, as well develop measures prevent entry dangerous into market relation origin feed. One main factors production high sa...

To further improved the water solubility of fullerene, a new cyclodextrin and fullerene derivative was synthesized in this paper. NMR, elemental analysis, spectral tunnel scanning electron microscopy X powder diffraction were used to characterize material. Spectral analysis showed that assembly had wide acromion at 343nm large tail band absorption range 350-600nm, indicating presence C60. From ...

Biogas, one of renewable energies, is a key element necessary for carbon-neutral policy and to build hydrogen economy. In order utilize biogas, impurities biogas such as moisture, sulfide(H2S), siloxanes, VOCs should be removed. particular, since H2S causes corrosiveness equipment by sulfur oxides, harmful the human body if leaked, it major target material The minimum concentration obtainable f...

Research and development on sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels have become a prime focus for the last couple of decades. Hydrogen, one Earth's most abundant elements, holds great potential as energy carrier. However, Hydrogen is lighter than air, it does not exist in pure form atmosphere often found compounds, such water. The abundance seawater this regard makes an almost inexhaustible so...

One of the main goals shipping industry is to decarbonize fuels used in maritime transportation. Ammonia thought be a potential alternative for hydrogen storage future, allowing CO2-free energy systems. Ammonia’s beneficial characteristics with regard include its high volumetric density, low pressure, and long-term stability. However, ammonia characterized by toxicity, flammability, corrosivene...