The percentage of the world's population living in urban areas will increase from 50% in 2008 to 70% (4.9 billion) in 2025. Crowded urban areas in developing and industrialized countries are uniquely vulnerable to public health crises and face daunting challenges in surveillance, response, and public communication. The revised International Health Regulations require all countries to have core ...

Based on the subdistrict (jie-dao) data from 1982 and 1990 national population censuses, this research employs two approaches to investigate the urban population change patterns in Shenyang, China. The density function approach examines what function best characterizes its density distribution, how the density pattern has changed over time, how many centers can be identified in the city, and ho...

In this paper, we present a hybrid approach, robust principal component geographically weighted regression (RPCGWR), in examining the land change as a function of both extant urban land use and the effect of social and environmental factors in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area (TCMA) of Minnesota. We used remotely sensed data to treat urban land use via the proxy of impervious surfaces. We then...

AIMS We surveyed the state of implementation of the school-based fluoride mouth-rinsing programme (S-FMR) in schools in Japan from March 2010. METHODS Questionnaires on the implementation status of S-FMR in each type of school (including preschool and kindergarten) were sent by post to the oral health administration departments of all 47 prefectures and 89 cities (18 ordinance-designated citi...

Predicting urban growth is important for practical reasons, and also for the challenge it presents to theoretical frameworks for cluster dynamics [1–3]. Recently, the model of diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) [4,5] has been applied to describe urban growth [1], and results in tree-like dendritic structures which have a core or “central business district” (CBD). The DLA model predicts that th...

As Internet access grows at different rates across regions, the Internet has had variable effects on regional economies through agglomeration and spillover effects. This paper uses province-level panel data from 2000 to 2013 to study inequality in Internet access, its spatial effect on regional economies in China and the channels through which the spillover effects are most evident. We find tha...

infection with hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a worldwide problem. among hcv proteins, core antigen (ag), besides its importance for diagnostic application is a prime candidate for component of a vaccine. herein, we report results of studies on production of the hydrophilic domain of core ag (2-122) in native conformation by an arabinose induction system in e.coli and the primary characterization o...