Yamamoto et. al.[6] have discovered that cooperation can be robustly maintained in a metanorms game by introducing into the population a small number of agents that always act non-cooperatively. They call this a "social vaccine" effect. In this paper we focus on the implications of a social vaccine. We therefore consider a model where there is a constant ow of newcomers into the population. How...

Emerging non-standard applications like the production of high-quality spatial sound pose new challenges to data management. Beside the need for a flexible transactional management of complex hierarchical scene descriptions a main requirement is the support of cooperative processes allowing a group of authors to edit a scene together in a distributed environment. Based on previous work on coope...

Non-standard database applications like CAD, CASE, or cooperative authoring systems impose new requirements on database management systems (DBMS). While object-oriented DBMS provide appropriate data modelling facilities they still lack adequate transaction management support for this kind of applications. Cooperative authoring processes are mainly characterized by long duration activities that ...

Joint-stock cooperative company is not recognized in Commercial Code of Iran and the amendment bill of the Commercial Code adopted in 1968. This business entity has a unique description because of both being cooperative and having joint stock. It is a joint-stock company that is chartered based on Commercial Code of Iran, amendment bill of the Commercial Code adopted in 1968, and Principle 44 o...

In cloud computing, organizations can form the cooperation to share the available resource to reduce the cost. This is referred to as the multi-organization cloud computing environment. In this paper, we address the issues of virtual machine management and cooperation formation in such an environment. First, for the cooperative organizations, the optimization problem is formulated and solved fo...

optimal management of caspian sea to reach sustainability and a cooperative peaceful use of resources is one of the most important issues in the region. this can help reduce political tensions and create a long-lasting security in considering the conflicts. the solution will be management strategies of caspian sea with its present status quo to reach cooperation between coastal states. to offer...