the strategic planning of marketing and the application of marketing strategies for achieving sustainable competitive advantages are of the factors that help the survival of producers of agricultural organic products. although, there are evidences of the growth of organic farming in iran but, there are no useful information and proposals for making marketing strategies in organic production hol...

The ability of groups to implement efficiency-enhancing institutions is emerging as a central theme of research in economics. This paper explores voting on a scheme of intergroup competition, which facilitates cooperation in a social dilemma situation. Experimental results show that the competitive scheme fosters cooperation. Competition is popular, but the electoral outcome depends strongly on...

As the two most important nodes in tourism supply chain, competition, as well cooperation relationship between scenic spots and enterprises, has a profound impact on healthy development of industry. In this paper, we establish dual-channel chain model by making many assumptions about operations enterprises. According to repeated game theory, find that there is certain trigger strategy for equil...

Introducing competition between groups may induce cooperation to emerge in defection games despite considerable cost of cooperation. If the groups can confine themselves to a cooperative sector, either by providing incentives to raise the cooperation level in one group, or by providing disincentives so that the cooperation level in the other group gets lowered to match that of the first, maximu...

Individuals are predicted to behave more altruistically and less competitively toward their relatives, because they share a relatively high proportion of their genes (e.g., one-half for siblings and one-eighth for cousins). Consequently, by helping a relative reproduce, an individual passes its genes to the next generation, increasing their Darwinian fitness. This idea, termed kin selection, ha...

Phase diagram showing the appearance of ferromagnetism on a non-magnetic metal surface as result chemisorption.