BACKGROUND Although brain cooling has been reported to be effective in improving the outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats, the mechanisms of brain cooling-induced neuroprotective actions remain unclear. This study was to test whether angiogenesis and neurogenesis attenuating TBI could be brain cooling stimulated. METHODS Anesthetized rats, immediately after the onset of TBI, wer...

The physiological mechanisms by which imbibed seeds survive freezing temperatures in their natural environment have been categorized as freezing avoidance by supercooling and freezing tolerance by extracellular freeze-desiccation, but the biochemical and molecular mechanisms conferring seed freezing tolerance is unexplored. In this study, using imbibed Lactuca sativa seeds we show that fast coo...

In internal combustion engines, only about a third of the total fuel input energy is converted into useful work. If the energy rejected into the cooling system and the exhaust gases could be recovered instead and put into useful work, fuel economy would have been substantially improved. The main aim of this research paper was to evaluate the effects of the hybrid nano-catalyst containing ce...

The concept that a specific level of central venous pressure (CVP) limits man's adjustment to heat stress has been debated. Evidence was presented that identifies a true limit of adjustment as being more related to factors affecting evaporative cooling, such as level of hydration, release of active vasodilation substance (AVS), and sweat gland fatigue. However, it was conceded that decreases in...

OBJECTIVES To (1) quantify mucosal cooling (ie, heat loss) spatially in the nasal passages of nasal airway obstruction (NAO) patients before and after surgery using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and (2) correlate mucosal cooling with patient-reported symptoms, as measured by the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) and a visual analog scale (VAS) for sensation of nasal airflow. ST...

Walker (1973; Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., 274, 107) argued that, for a limited set of compositions and flow types, effusion rate (E) was the principal influence on flow length, sparking a series of studies into the volume and cooling limits on flow extension. We here review these works, as well as the role of heat loss in controlling flow length. We also explore the applicability of Walker’s id...

Context. We revisit the evolutionary scenario for Hot Flasher low-mass structures, where mass loss delays the He flash till the initial phases of their White Dwarf cooling sequence. Aims. Our aim has been to test the theoretical results visa -vis different assumptions about the efficiency of mass loss. Methods. To this purpose, we present evolutionary models covering a fine grid of masses, as o...

This paper gives a comprehensive review of advanced cooling schemes and their applications to the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), as well investigating electrical motor’s topologies its thermal design issues, materials performances. Particularly, electromagnetic electric performances, machine sizing, together with structural design, are given. In addition, work addresses material p...

ULow-frequency ambient noise under pack ice of the central Arctic Ocean has long-term variations mmj (periods greater than I h) which correlate highly with composit -measures of stress applied to the mice by wind, current, and drift. These composites are the horizontal ice stress and the stress moment, and are derived from meteorological and oceanographic data observed simultaneously with the n...