background: auditory rehabilitation isone of the important tasks of speech-language pathologists. so, it is necessary to know auditory behaviors in order to make some decisions about the children with hearing loss such as determining the effectiveness of the current rehabilitation programs and/or devices. the auditory behavior in everyday life (abel) questionnaire is a valid and reliable assess...

Discovery, as a public attribution, and discovering, the act of conducting research, are experiences that entail "languaging" the unknown. This distinguishing property of language - its ability to bring forth, out of the unspoken realm, new knowledge, original ideas, and novel thinking - is essential to the discovery process. In sharing their ideas and views, scientists create co-negotiated lin...

Summary Google’s LaMDA, Open AI’s GPT‐3, and Meta’s BlenderBot are artificial intelligence (AI)‐based chatbots, that have been trained on billions of documents creating the notion “massive data.” These systems use human‐generated to capture words relationships between people when they communicate. This paper examines some similarities these emerging issues regarding massive data language models...

This report describes CEL, a conversational extensible language. Its syntax, data, control structures and conversational features are presented and compared to those of other languages. Its use is illustrated by means of several examples in the areas of list processing, polynomial arithmetic, formula manipulation, vector arithmetic, trees and syntax analysis, complex and rational arithmetic and...

Sign languages appear to be the major communication tool for the deaf community. As a minor community, Vietnamese deaf people often have to rely on a small numbers of interpreters who are hearing people knowing sign language in order to communicate with hearing people. It would be very beneficial for deaf as well as hearing people to develop an automated translation system between spoken/writte...

Speaking as an initial goal in language teaching and learning has relationships with many variables including listening, reading, writing, knowledge of vocabulary as well as grammar. The present study mainly aims at examining the relationship between translations and speaking fluency. For this purpose and following an experimental design, three groups of Iranian advanced EFL learners were...

In this paper we will outline the requirements for a software platform supporting embodied conversational agents. These requirements encompass computational concerns as well as presentation facilities, providing a suitably rich environment for applications deploying conversational agents. We will then propose a platform based on the distributed logic programming language DLP and X3D, the extens...

The growth in the quantity of information and services offered online has been phenomenal. Nevertheless, access mechanisms have remained relatively primitive, requiring users to primarily point and click their way through a forest of Web links and to expend valuable cognitive capacities to track the geography of the Web space. Conversational systems can provide an intuitive, flexible multi-moda...

Conversational agent is a system that provides user with proper information and maintains the context of dialogue based on natural language. When experts design the network for conversational agent of a domain, the network is usually very complicated and is hard to be understood. So the simplification of network by separating variables in the domain is helpful to design the conversational agent...

Automated analyses of full-day recordings were used to determine whether young children who are hard-of-hearing (HH) received similar levels of exposure to adult words and conversational interactions as age-matched peers with normal-hearing (NH). Differences in adult input between children in this study and in a normative database were considered. Finally, factors were examined that may have co...