BACKGROUND The choice of available contraceptive methods has increased in recent years; however, recent data on women's awareness of methods and reasons for their method choice, or reasons for changing methods, is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the use and awareness of contraceptive methods in the USA, UK, Germany, Italy and Spain. METHODS Quantitative survey of heterosexual wo...


 Purpose: To investigate the in vitro effects of methanol leaf extract E. hirta (MLEEH) on motility, viability and morphology caprine spermatozoa.
 Methods: The effect MLEEH treatment (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 20 mg per mL) sperm percentage total progressive abnormalities were evaluated at 1, 5 min post-treatment. Sperm revival test was used to evaluate reversibility incapacitation following...

the effectiveness of contraceptive methods, such as i.u.d. can be considered with different points of view, such as: the period of protection from pregnancy for such married couple. the demographic effect of the program, on the basis of the number of births, averted in a given population. the objective of the, present study was to calculate the probability of pregnancy, expulsion, removal and t...

background : sexual relationship is a basis for mental health and continuity of the healthy generation. enjoying the healthy body and mind will cause the sexual relationships to run their normal course in life. one of the problems that couples are faced within their sexual relationships is the issue of employing family planning methods. studies have revealed that contraceptive methods are in co...

This new transdermal contraceptive system (contraceptive patch), Evra (Janssen-Cilag), received a UK product licence in 2003. In clinical trials: Consistent doses of norelgestromin and ethinyl oestradiol are released into the systemic circulation daily. Pharmacokinetic data suggest that levels are sufficient to inhibit ovulation for at least 7 days. The overall Pearl index for the contraceptive...

abstract ba ckground: quality of services, making communications with target groups, and educating them are among the most important success factors in implementation of family planning programs. provision of public access to contraception and related methods, counseling services, and paying attention to social specification and cultures are important in promotion of service quality. with regar...

BACKGROUND In India, a large proportion of women with an unmet need for contraception are within their first year after childbirth. Therefore, concentrating efforts to educate postpartum women on the importance of attending contraceptive clinics could have a proportionally bigger impact on increasing postpartum contraception usage. METHODS Hundred and seventy-eight (178) women were followed u...

background: this study aimed to define and compare the efficiency and complication between hd and levonorgestrel tablets as an emergency contraceptive method. methods: in this double blind clinical trial, the subjects included 68 women aged 15-45 years with regular menstruation cycles referred to isfahan health centers within the first 72 hours after their unprotected coitus between may to sep ...

patients and methods the current quasi-experimental study was conducted on 96 eligible females, who were allocated either to the case or the control group and were selected from homes in the border of zahedan city (southeast of iran) during 2010. convenience sampling by door-to-door visits was used for finding eligible cases. a ttm-based self-administrated family planning questionnaire was used...

objective: despite development of new contraceptive methods, sterilization remained the most widely used method. our objective was to determine the factors contributing to decision making for tubal ligation in females. materials and methods: a cross sectional study was conducted in jinnah post graduate medical centre (jpmc) between march - november 2008. about 505 females using contraceptive me...