A mathematical and statistical model for simulating contaminant removal from a surface sand filter is reported. The model was based on a mass balance equation and an advection-dispersion transport model. The unknown parameters of the model were the deposition rate and the hydrodynamic dispersion. Changes in space were allowed within the filter media depth and time variability of flow and influe...

Since the ancient Egyptians had used sand as filter media for water purification, its principle has been inherited through generations and it is still being used now in industries. The sand filter consists of sand literally, and the voids within the sand bed are the pores for filtration. Here we present a filtration principle using nanoparticles, so that the voids between the nanoparticles can ...

The intermittent slow sand filter (biosand filter) is a household-scale drinking water treatment system known for its simplicity and ease of use. This research examines several factors affecting the flowrate of the biosand filter as well as schmutzdecke disturbance, volume of water treated, and previous microbial loading to determine their effect on removal of microbes. It is recommended that a...

The need for clean water has risen exponentially over the globe. Millions of people are affected daily by a lack of clean water, especially women and children, as much of their day is dedicated to collecting water. The global water crisis not only has severe medical implications, but social, political, and economic consequences as well. The Institute of Catholic Bioethics at Saint Joseph's Univ...

 ABSTRACTBackground: An electron beam generated X-ray spectrum consists of characteristic X-ray and continuous bermsstrahlung. The aim of this research is calculating and comparing X-ray spectra for different target filter of mammograms. Materials and Methods: Monte Carlo is a very powerful tool to simulate a series of different target-filter assembly in order to calculate the X-ray spectra. MC...

Installation of a system to monitor and measure sand production from an oil well especially in a petroleum industry would be valuable to assist. Sand production is considered one of the major Problems facing the petroleum industry since a small amount of sand in the produced fluid can result in significant erosion in a very short time period. In this paper, we present a framework for sand detec...

The ability of corals to withstand experimental sand deposition was investigated for two experimental periods (17 hand 6 wk) in eight scleractinia (Favia favus, Favites pentagona, Platygyra daedalea, Gyrosmilia interrupta, Galaxeafascicularis, Cyphastrea chalcidicum, Favires abdita, Goniopora djiboutensis) and five alcyonacea (Lobophytum depressum, L. venustum, Sinularia dura, S. leptoclados, S...