Fermentation is the most time consuming step in the production of beer and therefore the effective use of fermentation vessels is a crucial element in brewing economy. One means of increasing the productivity of a batch process is to convert it to a continuous one. Experiments in continuous fermentation emerged during the 1950s and 1960s, but by the end of 1970s most of them had been closed dow...

paint cure oven is one of the most important parts of automobile production line. the cure speed and the magnitude of energy consumption are significant in auto manufacturing industry. the radiation oven has been of the interest by cure industry due to the reduction in energy consumption and appropriate cure. the design process of these ovens is really complex specially for bodies with complex ...

the map and the model designed by a designer and presented to a manufacturer in the form of a map is the result of his knowledge and innovation. the manufacturer, in turn, uses his best effort to produce a part accordingly. however, because of production problems and raw material, producing a precise part is very difficult and costly. one of the most important problems in this regard is designi...

Steel-making and continuous/mould casting are the key processes of modern iron and steel enterprises. The continuous and mould casting schedule of mixed whole/half charging plan is the bottleneck for the steel-making and continuous/mould casting process. However, it is very difficult to find a solution against the characteristics and complicated environment. This paper proposed a heuristic batc...

This paper provides a contribution to qualitative reasoning for continuous process supervision. Tools for formalizing empirical knowledge of continuous processes and a naive reasoning nat­ urally integrating perception are proposed. A new paradigm emerges : maintenance of a single instantaneous and possibly partial understanding of a physical system during its evolution. This understanding in c...

In this paper, a new approach for adaptive linearizing control of continuous fermentations with immobilized yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae BO 213 was proposed. Three fermentations with three different procedures of cells immobilization were investigated. The switching from batch to continuous mode of cultivation was realized automatically in time when the ethanol production rate reaches its ma...