Building and maintaining non-trivial software systems that are independently extensible is a difficult task. This is because the combination of independent extensions tends to produce conflicts that are difficult to anticipate, and to which no general resolution strategy exists. In this paper, we show how some of these conflicts can be avoided if domain-specific contexts are modeled using a rep...

In neoclassical economic theory, rational actors are very simple entities: they know everything, they value more better than less, and given a decision situation with certain physical constraints they are able to calculate the optimal outcome and to behave accordingly (cf. Kiser/Ostrom). Any form of social interaction enters the decision situation as an additional constraint. Relaxing the condi...

This note describes possible world semantics for a constructive modal logic CK. The system CK is weaker than other constructive modal logics K as it does not satisfy distribution of possibility over disjunctions, neither binary (3(A ∨ B) → 3A ∨ 3B) nor nullary (3⊥ → ⊥). Our intuition is that 3⊥ should not constructively imply ⊥, thus we dispense with both forms of distribution. We are intereste...

For the last thirty years, it has been assumed that a presupposition must be entailed (or ‘satisfied’) by the context, construed as what is common belief between the speaker and addressee: John has stopped smoking is acceptable in a context C just in case C entails that John used to smoke. Technically, the context in this sense is often called the ‘context set’, identified with the set of possi...

We examine a formal model of sponsored search in which advertisers can bid not only on search terms, but on search terms under specific contexts. A context is any auxiliary information that might accompany a search, and might include information that is factual, estimated or inferred. Natural examples of contexts include the zip code, gender, or abstract “intentions” (such as researching a vaca...

We present a novel approach to measuring similarity between shapes and exploit it for object recognition. In our framework, the measurement of similarity is preceded by (1) solving for correspondences between points on the two shapes, (2) using the correspondences to estimate an aligning transform. In order to solve the correspondence problem, we attach a descriptor, the shape context, to each ...

The standard methodology for representing deductive systems in LF identifies the object’s language’s context with the LF context. Consequently, any variable dealt with explicitly by any judgement or metatheorem must be last in the context. When the object language is dependently typed, this can pose a problem for establishing some metatheoretic results, since dependent hypotheses cannot be re-o...

This paper concerns itself with the relation between two important semantic notions: the traditional notion of proposition and a more recent notion of context as an information state. The notion of proposition has traditionally played an important role in the theory of meaning: propositions are entities that have independent truth conditions and act as the meaning of both independent and embedd...

In this presentation we give a short reminder on the origin of the two main notions of context that are used in philosophy of language in order to draw attention to the main points of discussion common in the meeting on “Contexts in Philosophy”. The use of Context in philosophy begins with Frege’s work: in his book Foundations of Mathematics (1884: xxii) he gives the following maxim: “never to ...

abstract background: literature shows that interprofessional collaboration (ipc) is a challenging phenomenon both in theory and practice, and it is affected by socio-cultural contexts in which the health professionals (hps) play their roles. considering some evidences on the similarities and differences between eastern and western socio-cultural contexts, this study aims to explore and describe...