My dissertation examines the concept of vernacular translation in the Middle Ages, particularly examining French and Middle English texts. It focuses on a specific genre of literature popular in the Middle Ages but relatively ignored in contemporary literary scholarship: the beast fable. My argument is that some of the principal writers of vernacular fables from the twelfth through the fifteent...

Abstract This article discusses the advantages deriving from interaction of pragmatics and literary theory in study irony. The first section argues that current (mis)understanding irony is result a centuries-long intertwinement between rhetorical philosophical discourses. paper then shows how echoic irony, devised by Dan Sperber Deirdre Wilson within broader framework their Relevance Theory, pr...

Over the years, new theories of literary criticism have invariably emerged as a response, critique to, and development of the earlier criticisms. This paper introduces a relatively new literary theory that can enrich the repertoire of literary criticism in Indonesian context, namely family systems therapy or FST, through a critical analysis of Seize the Day by Saul Bellow, an American author wh...

this article aims at proving the prevalence of the surrealistic characteristics in zakariyya tamir`s first short story collection entitled sahil al-jawad al-abyad (the neighing of the white steed).although this contemporary syrian author was influenced directly by the works of the surrealist authors like sartre and camus and kafka, he managed to digest classical forms and customize western lite...