Laser-induced damage on optical surfaces is often associated with absorbing contaminants introduced by the polishing process. This is particularly the case for W optics. In the present study, secondmy ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) was used to measure depth profiles of finishing-process contamination on fused silica surfaces. Contaminants detected include the major polishing compound components (...

In this chapter we review and discuss the commonly used phrase or concept "bioavailability". This concept is key to Risk Assessment as it assesses what proportion of a contaminant present at a contaminated site is available for uptake by organisms and is thus potentially able to cause harm. Whilst this is a relatively straightforward concept the reader will discover that in reality life is not ...

The revised Environmental Protection Act Part 2A contaminated land Statutory Guidance (England and Wales) makes reference to 'normal' levels of contaminants in soil. The British Geological Survey has been commissioned by the United Kingdom Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) to estimate contaminant levels in soil and to define what is meant by 'normal' for English soil. T...

This paper aims to assess and analyze the health impact of consuming contaminated drinking water in a distributed system (WDS). The analysis was based on qualitative simulation performed two different models named hydraulic quality WDS. computation focuses quantitative for chemically impacts by analyzing dose level various locations network mass substance that entered human body. Several numeri...

the efficiency of diazinon (as insecticides) and nitrate (related to nitrogen fertilizer) removal from contaminated water is investigated through nf membrane technique. the effects of nitrate concentration (40-160 mg/l), diazinon concentration (10-1000 µg/l) and ph (5-9) on the efficiency of a commercial polyamide nanofilter membrane at a constant pressure of (800 kpa) are investigated. the res...

The objective of this paper is to describe governing numerical equation and solution algorithm of pollution transport mechanisms and factors essential to include in developing relatively simple and practical tools to quantify pollution loss, advection, diffusion and sorption in pollution transport into the groundwater at landfill sites. This paper presents the development of a numerical model t...

This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of photocatalyst CdS nanoparticles for investigation of photocatalytic degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. CdS nanoparticles were synthesized by the microwave-assisted sol-gel method and characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, filed emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transf...

Introduction It is recognized that physical and chemical interactions between adjacent ground water and surface water bodies are an important factor impacting water budget and nutrient/ contaminant transport within a watershed (Winter et al., 1998). This observation is also of importance for hazardous waste site cleanup within the United States, since about 75% of sites regulated under the Reso...