Sign languages (SL) require a fundamental rethinking of many basic assumptions about human language processing because instead of using linear speech, sign languages coarticulate facial expressions, shoulder and hand movements, eye gaze and usage of a three-dimensional space. SL researchers have therefore advocated SL-specific approaches that do not start from the biases of models that were ori...

Construction Grammar has reached a stage of maturity where many researchers are looking for an explicit formal grounding of their work. Recently, there have been exciting developments to cater for this demand, most notably in Sign-Based Construction Grammar (SBCG) and Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG). Unfortunately, like playing a music instrument, the formalisms used by SBCG and FCG take time ...

Uncertain programs have been developed to deal with optimization problems including inexact data, i.e., uncertainty. A deterministic approach called robust optimization is commonly applied to solve these problems. Recently, Calafiore and Campi have proposed a randomized approach based on sampling of constraints, where the number of samples is determined so that only small portion of original co...

extended abstract 1. introduction from about the 1950s, extraordinary growth of cities and increase of urban population have led to excessive growth of settlements in cities (muhallab taha, 2001(. this growth caused an unprecedented rise in land prices (zaheri & pour- mohammadi, 2006). land is an essential element in urban expansion and development (vander molen, 2002). therefore, quality and q...

Four topics in theory of CP violation are reviewed. (a) CP violation in B decays: We describe a new clean way of constraining the angle γ of the unitarity triangle and how new CP violation in decay amplitudes can signal new physics. (b) CP violation inK decays: We explain the special features of the decay KL → π νν̄ both as a measurement of Standard Model CP violating parameters and as a probe o...

In this paper we will introduce and develop a theory of adjunction spaces which allows the construction non-Hausdorff topological manifolds from standard Hausdorff ones. This is done by gluing along homeomorphic open submanifolds whilst leaving boundaries these regions unidentified. case that have boundaries, it shown violation occurs precisely at boundaries. We then use formalism to provide pa...

Three possibilities for the origin of CP violation are discussed: (1) the Standard Model in which all CP violation is due to one parameter in the CKM matrix, (2) the superweak model in which all CP violation is due to new physics and (3) the Standard Model plus new physics. A major goal of B physics is to distinguish these possibilities. CP violation implies time reversal violation (TRV) but di...

(Dated: April 8, 2008) We reconsider the origin of CP violation in fundamental theory. Existing string models of spontaneous CP violation make ambiguous predictions, due to the arbitrariness of CP transformation and the apparent non-invariance of the results under duality. We find an unambiguous modular CP invariance condition, applicable to predictive models of spontaneous CP violation, which ...

Following analogy of the ‘db’ triangle in the quark mixing case, we have constructed the ‘ν2.ν3’ leptonic unitarity triangle using the MNS matrix formulated in the tribimaximal scenario by Bjorken et al. . In particular, for the Ue3 range 0.05 − 0.15, we find Dirac-like CP violating phase δ to be around 40, indicating a 2.5σ CP violation effect in the leptonic sector. In the last few years, apa...

A interacting theory that violates CPT invariance necessarily violates Lorentz invariance. On the other hand, CPT invariance is not sufficient for out-of-cone Lorentz invariance. Theories that violate CPT by having different particle and antiparticle masses must be nonlocal.