The effect of C-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation on molecular motions in the Src kinases Hck and c-Src is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The SH2 and SH3 domains of the inactive kinases are seen to be tightly coupled by the connector between them, impeding activation. Dephosphorylation of the tail reduces the coupling between the SH2 and SH3 domains in the simulations, as does ...

We present the first three-dimensional reconstruction of a prolate, tailed phage, and its empty prohead precursor by cryo-electron microscopy. The head-tail connector, the central component of the DNA packaging machine, is visualized for the first time in situ within the Bacillus subtilis dsDNA phage phi29. The connector, with 12- or 13-fold symmetry, appears to fit loosely into a pentameric ve...

Software systems of today are frequently composed from prefabricated, heterogeneous components that provide complex functionality and engage in complex interactions. Software architecture research has revealed the importance of component interactions on our ability to perform software composition. Various development organizations have found interaction mismatches to be both difficult and a cor...

In order to perform simulations of the integrated wastewater system, state variables of sub-system models (sewer, activated sludge, river) must be translated from one model to the other. A connector between ASM1 (Henze et al. 2000) and RWQM1 (Shanahan et al. 2001) is described in this paper to introduce the general approach developed to overcome this necessity. Inherent features of this connect...

The bacteriophage phi29 generates large forces to compact its double-stranded DNA genome into a protein capsid by means of a portal motor complex. Several mechanical models for the generation of these high forces by the motor complex predict coupling of DNA translocation to rotation of the head-tail connector dodecamer. Putative connector rotation is investigated here by combining the methods o...

All ceramic fixed partial dentures (FPD)s exhibit enhanced biocompatibility and esthetics as compared to metal-ceramic restorations. However, framework fractures are frequently reported especially when the connector dimensions are inadequate to withstand the high tensile stresses. The repair of the failed connector would be desirable rather than the complete removal and renewal since the latter...

The mathematical techniques of the previous chapters permit controlling graphical objects by specifying the derivatives of functions of their parameters. In this chapter, we consider techniques for defining and evaluating these functions. The challenge stems from the dynamic nature of interactive systems: objects change in response to system actions as the system runs. This means that the funct...