Abstract We study a Stackelberg game with multiple leaders and continuum of followers that are coupled via congestion effects. The followers’ problem constitutes nonatomic game, where population infinitesimal players is given each player chooses resource. Each resource has linear cost function which depends on the this control determine price per unit as well service capacity for influencing sl...

The equity issues facing congestion pricing are an impediment to its adoption. A criticism that gets very little attention is that not only does a toll road enable some to buy their way out of congestion, under certain circumstances such as a queue jumper, they do so at the expense of others that is, they may make others wait longer so that they can avoid delay, in both cases of take-away capac...

www.philadelphiafed.org take, for example, London’s decision in 2003 to implement a new plan to reduce congestion in the center of the city. At the time, development was booming and traffic congestion was becoming increasingly troublesome. Rather than try to increase capacity through construction of more highways and other automobile infrastructure, London introduced a congestion pricing policy...

Congestion pricing is one of the major travel demand management policies to reduce traffic volumes in metropolitans. One of the main factors for effective implementation of this policy is to analyze users' response to different toll rates. In this paper, the willingness of users to pay for using their personal cars is evaluated. The stated preference method was applied for data gathering. Sever...

Charging a higher price during periods of congestion should more efficiently allocate scarce resources by encouraging users to conserve. We study its benefits by conducting several pricing experiments over two semesters with students in the dormitories using a computer-telephony-service. Users can use the service to make and receive phone calls from their computers or phones. While we do not ch...

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to cope with the urban congestion problem resulted from rapid urbanization some cities are successfully using electronic road pricing policy as a demand management measure. in 1982, hong kong governmenttook initiative to experiment electronic road pricing in hong kong. though, the project outcome reveals that electronic road pricing could bring tremendous economic, social and environmental bene...

This paper reviews literature on the optimal design of pricing policies to reduce urban automobile congestion. The implications of a range of complicating factors are considered, such as traffic bottlenecks, constraints on which roads and freeway lanes in the road network can be priced, driver heterogeneity, private toll operators, other externalities besides congestion, and interactions betwee...