according to the famous theory in iranian jurisprudence, civil liability of the vehicle keepers against third party is on the res ipsa loquitor, duty of care, or risk, or a combination of them. regarding to these foundations, if a vehicle keeper has not a policy of insurance covering third party damage, he or she must compensate the damage although has not caused the accident. this was inferenc...

Background: Responsibility is a moral component. Liability usually arises from liability, according to which the person is legally liable for the damage he or she has caused to another. One of the most important parts of civil law is civil liability, and since the main purpose of civil liability rules is to compensate for material and moral damages and to repair the damage, the government is no...

arbitrator is a private judge. he accepts a judicial function by a contract. all legal systems (common and civil law) have been recognized this contract and the arbitrator’s judicial function. leave or violation of duties by the arbitrator can be followed by the different sanctions including civil, criminal and disciplinary, but the common law and civil law start from the opposite directions to...

Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals retained in civil or criminal litigation are frequently required to travel to a state in which they are not licensed to perform assessments and offer testimony. Adverse professional and legal consequences may await the unwary peripatetic forensic expert. Failure to address local practice requirements may result in disqualification to testify a...

In Spain, as well in Latin America (and particularly argentina), the matter of state liability has prompted serious debate and disagreements between civil administrative law experts. This paper aims at identifying main topics that divide these scholars (who are linked by an undeniable tradition) and, same time, visit ideas criticize theories author deems erroneous, yet acknowledging —at least w...