word count 200, Text word count 3558 E. Keranis has no conflicts of interest to disclose. D. Makris has no conflicts of interest to disclose, P. Rodopoulou has no conflicts of interest to disclose, H. Martinou has no conflicts of interest to disclose. G. Papamakarios has no conflicts of interest to disclose. H. Z. Daniil has no conflicts of interest to disclose, E. Zintzaras has no conflicts of...

This study aims to present evidence of censorship during World War II by the Independent State of Croatia of one of its public health officials, Dr. Stanko Sielski who was a physician trained in epidemiology and public health. During World War II, he directed the Institute for Combating Endemic Syphilis in the Bosnian town Banja Luka. The staff under his direction consisted solely of Jewish phy...

First, this essay aims at clarifying the meaning of the concept of world order. Order has often been perceived as some sort of government capability, but reference to its common sense meaning (the existence of an unity of measure) has been lost in the IRs literature. In this essay order has been defined as a government capability that has to be linked to some fixed values (the unities of measur...

Afghanistan is in the midst of a profound humanitarian crisis resulting primarily from long-standing armed conflict, a devastating drought, and massive population migration. The economy, government, and health care system are in shambles. Currently, as many as 5 million Afghans are in camps either as refugees in neighboring countries or as internally displaced persons within Afghanistan. Much o...

Climate-conflict research: some reflections on the way forward Report Title A decade of systematic research on climate change and armed conflict has revealed a number of interesting patterns but few results that are robust across studies. This essay takes stock of the quantitative empirical literature, identifies central limitations, and presents five priorities for future research in the field...

An increasing number of researchers and policymakers have been moved to study and intervene in the lives of children affected by violent conflicts (Masten, 2014). According to a United Nations Children's Fund (2009) report, over 1 billion children under the age of 18 are growing up in regions where acts of political violence and armed conflict are, as Ladds and Cairns (1996, p. 15) put it, "a c...

We estimate the impact of armed conflict on subsequent health outcomes using detailed geographic information on households’ distance from conflict sites—a more accurate measure of conflict exposure—and compare the impact on children exposed in utero versus after birth. The identification strategy relies on exogenous variation in the conflict’s geographic extent and timing and the exposure of di...

According to the dominant position in the just war tradition from Augustine to Anscombe and beyond, there is no ‘‘moral equality of combatants.’’ That is, on the traditional view the combatants participating in a justified war may kill their enemy combatants participating in an unjustified war—but not vice versa (barring certain qualifications). I shall argue here, however, that in the large nu...

BACKGROUND: Applied epidemiologists are increasingly working in areas of insecurity and active conflict to define the health risks, suggest feasible means to reduce these risks and, monitor the capacity and reconstruction of the public health system. In 2001, The Carter Center and the United States Institute for Peace sponsored a conference within which "Violence and Health" was discussed and a...

This commentary examines the incursion on the neutrality of medical personnel now taking place as part of the human rights crises in Bahrain and Syria, and the ethical dilemmas which these incursions place not only in front of physicians practicing in those nations, but in front of the international community as a whole.In Bahrain, physicians have recently received harsh prison terms, apparentl...