Three experiments compared thresholds for S-cone increments and decrements under steady and transient adaptation conditions, to investigate whether stimuli of both polarities are detected by the same cone-opponent psychophysical mechanism. The results could not be accounted for by a standard model of the S-cone detection pathway [Polden & Mollon (1980) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London...

This paper proposes a novel robust control scheme based on delay-dependent H∞for unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) in a microgrid under the influence of the delay and parameter uncertainties. A new UPQC model considering the effects of the delay and parameter uncertainties is established. Then, the H∞ controller is designed based on the cone complementarity linearization (CCL) algorithm....

We investigate the completely positive semidefinite cone CS+, a new matrix cone consisting of all n×n matrices that admit a Gram representation by positive semidefinite matrices (of any size). In particular, we study relationships between this cone and the completely positive and the doubly nonnegative cone, and between its dual cone and trace positive non-commutative polynomials. We use this n...

In this paper, we introduce the cone normed spaces and cone bounded linear mappings. Among other things, we prove the Baire category theorem and the Banach--Steinhaus theorem in cone normed spaces.

During the past several years we have examined a variety of different mammalian retinas for ultrastructural evidence of cone disc shedding and RPE phagocytosis. In this paper we review our previously published evidence from squirrel and human retinas as well as present new evidence of cone disc shedding in rhesus monkey and cat. All these species show definitive evidence for the shedding of dis...

RESULTS. In the present paper, a model is provided that describes the ERG contrast gains and ERG thresholds in dichromats and color normal trichromats. For the X-chromosome-linked dichromats, the contrast gains of only one cone type (either the L or the M cones) sufficed to describe the ERG thresholds for all stimulus conditions. Data suggest that the M-cone contrast gains of protanopes are lar...

Cone photoreceptors in fish are typically arranged into a precise, reiterated pattern known as a "cone mosaic." Cone mosaic patterns can vary in different fish species and in response to changes in habitat, yet their function and the mechanisms of their development remain speculative. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have four cone subtypes arranged into precise rows in the adult retina. Here we describ...

Lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) and retinal pigment epithelium protein 65 (RPE65) are key enzymes of the retinoid cycle. In Lrat(-/-) and Rpe65(-/-) mice, models of human Leber congenital amaurosis, the retinoid cycle is disrupted and 11-cis-retinal, the chromophore of visual pigments, is not produced. The Lrat(-/-) and Rpe65(-/-) retina phenotype presents with rapid sectorial cone deg...

Mutations in RPE65 or lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) disrupt 11-cis-retinal synthesis and cause Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), a severe hereditary blindness occurring in early childhood. The pathology is attributed to a combination of 11-cis-retinal deficiency and photoreceptor degeneration. The mistrafficking of cone membrane-associated proteins including cone opsins (M- and S-opsi...

An order-restricted (OR) statistical model can be expressed in the general form {Pθ | θ ∈ C}, where C is a convex cone in R. In general, no unbiased estimator exists for θ. In particular, the OR maximum likelihood estimator (ORMLE) is biased, although its aggregate mean square error is usually less than that of the unrestricted MLE (URMLE). Nonetheless, the bias and mean-square error (MSE) of a...