Three experiments compared thresholds for S-cone increments and decrements under steady and transient adaptation conditions, to investigate whether stimuli of both polarities are detected by the same cone-opponent psychophysical mechanism. The results could not be accounted for by a standard model of the S-cone detection pathway [Polden & Mollon (1980) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London...

An electroretinographic response of the human short wavelength (S) cone system can be distinguished from that of the longer wavelength (L or M) cone system by using ganzfeld short-wavelength stimulation at relatively high levels of retinal adaptation. The S cone response has both an a- and b-wave component in its ERG, both of which are slower than those of the L or M cone response at the same l...

AIMS The short wavelength sensitive (S) cone electroretinograms (ERGs) were examined in two patients with the complete type of congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB). METHODS Ganzfeld spectral flashes in the presence of strong white adapting fields were used to elicit the S cone ERGs. RESULTS The S cone ERG b-wave was not detectable to short wavelength stimuli, while the mixed long (L...

To identify cholinergically mediated components in the optic nerve response (ONR) we studied effects of cholinergic agonists and antagonists in the arterially perfused cat eye. Acetylcholine, carbachol, scopolamine, quinuclidinylbenzilate and mecamylamine were applied intra-arterially in micromolar concentrations. Recordings of rod- and cone-driven ERG accompanied those of the ONR and revealed:...

The light-cone expansion is constructed by quantizing QCD at fixed lightcone time τ = t + z and forming the invariant light-cone Hamiltonian: H LC = P +P− − P 2 ⊥ where P± = P 0 ± P . The proton state, for example, satisfies: H LC |ψp〉 = M p |ψp〉. The expansion of the proton eigensolution |ψp〉 on the color-singlet B = 1, Q = 1 eigenstates {|n〉} of the free Hamiltonian H LC (g = 0) gives the lig...

Let C be a full-dimensional pointed closed convex cone in R obtained by taking the conic hull of a strictly convex set. Given A ∈ Qm×n1 , B ∈ Qm×n2 and b ∈ Q, a simple conic mixed-integer set (SCMIS) is a set of the form {(x, y) ∈ Z1 ×R2 | Ax+By− b ∈ C}. In this paper, we give a complete characterization of the closedness of convex hulls of SCMISs. Under certain technical conditions on the cone...

where b, y ∈ IR; ci, xi, si ∈ IRi , Ai ∈ IRm×ni , i = 1, . . . , r. For each i = 1, . . . , r, xi and si are the primal and dual slack variables associated with the ith cone and K∗ i = { si ∈ IRi : xi si ≥ 0, ∀xi ∈ Ki } (3) is the dual cone to Ki. We assume that Ki,K i , i = 1, . . . , r are pointed closed convex cones with nonempty interiors. Let K = K1 × K2 × . . . × Kr be the overall cone in...

Background and aims. The single-cone technique has gained some popularity in some European countries. The aim of the present study was to compare the push-out bond strength of gutta-percha to root canal dentin with the single-cone and cold lateral compaction canal obturation techniques. Materials and methods . The root canals of 58 human mandibular premolars were prepared using modified crown-d...