Each closed oriented 3-manifoldM is naturally associated with a set of integersD(M), the degrees of all self-maps on M . D(M) is determined for each torus bundle and torus semi-bundle M . The structure of torus semi-bundle is studied in detail. The paper is a part of a project to determine D(M) for all 3-manifolds in Thurston’s picture.

Microbiological analyses of fruits and vegetables produced by farms in Minnesota and Wisconsin were conducted to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli in pre-harvest fruits and vegetables. During the 2003 and 2004 harvest seasons, 14 organic (certified by accredited organic agencies), 30 semi-organic (used organic practices but not certified) and 19 conventional farms were sampled to ana...

Human listeners can perceive speech from a voice-modulated ultrasonic carrier presented via a bone-conduction stimulator. This study explored the psychoacoustic characteristics and underlying mechanisms of ultrasonic hearing by measuring difference limens for frequency (DLF) for pure tones modulated onto ultrasonic carriers. Human subjects were presented with two pulsed tones and asked to judge...

Ever since the introduction of fuzzy sets by L. A. Zadeh [14], the fuzzy concept has invaded almost all branches of Mathematics. The concept of fuzzy topological space was introduced and developed by C.L. Chang [3] and since then many fuzzy topologists [1,6-13] have extended various notions in classical topology to fuzzy topological spaces. The concept of somewhat continuous functions was intro...

A subset A of a space X is called regular open if A = IntA, and regular closed if X\A is regular open, or equivalently, if A= IntA. A is called semiopen [16] (resp., preopen [17], semi-preopen [3], b-open [4]) ifA⊂ IntA (resp.,A⊂ IntA,A⊂ IntA ,A⊂ IntA∪ IntA). The concept of a preopen set was introduced in [6] where the term locally dense was used and the concept of a semi-preopen set was introd...

In conclusion, I may point out that Theorem II may be generalized by a weakening of the hypothesis (d) . (1) In the first place, continuity of [a, g] f with respect to the pair of variables a, /3 may be replaced by upper semi-continuity . This generalization requires no change in the proof . (2) This continuity (or upper semi-continuity) with respect to (a, /3) is used only to show that the set...

In some past works by the author and collaborators, the notion of ageing function of an exchangeable survival model was introduced and several properties of it were analyzed. Generally, the ageing function turns out to be a semi-copula. Here we focus attention on the special class of survival models whose ageing function is actually a copula. For pairs of models in this class we define a notion...