A rapid development of the concrete construction sector has resulted in an increase need for raw materials that are obtained directly from nature. The environmentally friendly is also increasing along with engineering technology, so several studies have been conducted to search alternative additives or mixtures. Anadara granosa clam shell can be utilized as one substitute material coarse aggreg...

In view of the ever depletion sources construction materials, there is a need to explore feasibility using palm kernel shells and glass as replacements for natural crushed aggregates in Portland cement concrete. Concrete specimens produced with 25% partial replacement coarse aggregate varying percentages recycled powder pozzolana were tested their workability, compressive strength, tensile stre...

Oil Palm Shell (OPS) concrete can be used in different fields of construction. To determine more accurately the application, it is important to know and understand behaviour OPS over long term when aggressive environments. This paper presents results studies conducted on durability concrete. Water absorption capacity, electrical resistivity apparent diffusion chloride ions have been measured sa...

The goal of achieving concrete with adequate durability properties in terms reduced susceptibility to alkali-silica and mechanical-strength behaviour has led several high-performance materials development. While the use Bambara nut shell ash is gaining acceptance various applications, mineralogical composition such by-product cannot be easily controlled as a manufactured pozzolan. In this resea...