We investigated the responsiveness of the mouse basilar artery to acetylcholine (ACh), bradykinin (BK), noradrenaline (NA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), histamine (His) and angiotensin (Ang) II in order to characterize the related receptor subtypes in vitro. ACh and BK induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of precontracted arteries with U-46619 (a thromboxane A2 analogue). Atropine (a non-sel...

People spend most of their time indoors. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air represented by toluene inevitably affect people's health. Activated carbon can effectively reduce VOCs pollution. experiments the previous studies were carried out at concentration tens or hundreds ppm, which could not reflect actual adsorption performance activated conditions. In this study, a method w...

Objectives: Our objectives were to determine the milk-to-plasma ratio of metformin in lactating mothers and to estimate infant exposure. Methods: Two studies were performed. In study 1, 3 nursing mothers taking metformin were studied throughout a dosing interval at steady state. Blood samples were obtained from 2 suckling infants. In study 2, 5 healthy lactating women who volunteered to express...

BACKGROUND Previous study has shown that fentanyl attenuates acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation. The goal of the current in vitro study was to identify the muscarinic receptor subtype that is mainly involved in the fentanyl-induced attenuation of endothelium-dependent relaxation elicited by acetylcholine. METHODS The effects of fentanyl and muscarinic receptor antagonists on the acetylcholi...

Biliary, ureteric and intestinal colic are extremely common clinical conditions associated with smooth muscle spasm. In the present study, antispasmodic activity was carried out against acetylcholine (10-640 ng/ml)-induced contractions on guinea pig ileum. Acetylcholine (10-640 ng/ml) induced concentration-dependent contraction of smooth muscle. Diclofenac, in varying concentration (9.4 x 10(-5...

Background: nitrogen oxides occur in the atmosphere in Six forms of namely: N2O , NO , NO2 , N2O3, N2O4 and N2O5 .Among these oxides NO2 is the most important air pollutant because of its relatively high toxicity and its ubiquity in ambient air. In this research Griess-Saltzman method was utilized for determination of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere of different laboratori...

BACKGROUND Edoxaban is an orally active, direct factor Xa inhibitor indicated to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in non-valvular atrial fibrillation and for the treatment of venous thromboembolism. OBJECTIVES This study assessed the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of the edoxaban 60-mg tablet crushed and administered via a nasogastric tube in a water suspension or o...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that pharmacokinetic behavior of several drugs such as paracetamol, theophylline, and aminoglycosides are significantly altered in patients with spinal cord injury. So far, no study on pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine has been performed in patients or experimental models with spinal cord injury. The present study was designed to find the influence ...

Abbreviations: %CV: Coefficient of Variation; Ae: Amount Excreted; AE: Adverse Event; AUC: Area under the Plasma Concentrationversus-Time Curve; AUC0-∞: Area under the Concentration-time Curve from Time 0 to Infinity; Cl/F: Apparent Oral-Dose Clearance; CLR: Renal Clearance; Cmax: Peak Plasma Concentration; CYP: Cytochrome P450; ECG: Electrocardiogram; LC/MS/MS: Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mas...