Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most relevant swine diseases in the US, costing the industry millions of dollars per year. Unfortunately, disease control is difficult because of the virus dynamics, as PRRS virus (PRRSV) can be transmitted by air between farms, especially, in regions with high density of swine operations. While long distance airborne transport ...

We evaluated the effectiveness of Streptococcus iniae vaccines prepared from formalin-killed Ž . cells and concentrated extracellular products greater than 2 kDa of a single isolate of S. iniae Ž . ARS-10 and a combination of ARS-10qARS-60 S. iniae isolates in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, for the prevention of streptococcal disease. Two routes of administration, intraperitoneal Ž . Ž . i.p. ...

We obtain an inequality on a measure of the spread in time of periodic functions that are concentrated in frequency, i.e. all but a fixed finite number of Fourier coefficients vanish with meansquared error up to . We characterize an extremal function and give an asymptotic formula for the measure of spread of this extremal function as approaches 0. We also consider the corresponding problem for...

Influenza virus vaccines containing from 1 to 10 mg. of virus materials per cc. concentrated and purified from infectious allantoic fluids by means of one or two cycles of differential centrifugation and inactivated by different treatments have been prepared and subjected to laboratory tests. Suitable inactivation of the virus preparations with retention of full red cell agglutinating activity ...

regarding many disadvantages of traditional method to produce concentrated yoghurt, several attempts have been done for mechanization of process in industrial scale. using membrane systems especially ultra filtration is one of these methods. in this survey, method to produce direct concentrated yoghurt, fresh milk was concentrated to 19% snf by ultra filtration method then diluted to 13 and 16 ...

Enveloped virus vaccines can be damaged by high osmotic strength solutions, such as those used to protect the vaccine antigen during drying, which contain high concentrations of sugars. We therefore studied shrinkage and activity loss of whole inactivated influenza virus in hyperosmotic solutions and used those findings to improve vaccine coating of microneedle patches for influenza vaccination...

vaccination has greatly improved human health. despite of all improvements in this field, there is not an efficient vaccine for many diseases, and of the available ones, some could not produce a long-term immunity. recently, there have been many researches on the applicability of nanostructures as an efficient system for vaccine delivery, and the initial results have been promising. their poten...