Increasing energy prices, tighter environmental regulation, and global competition urge the industry to optimize its processes for converting chemicals energy. This optimization is far from trivial. Often, key major breakthrough relies not only on optimal process conditions but also selecting suitable molecules as solvents, catalysts, or heat transfer fluids. selection highly coupled with itsel...

Recent clinical trials using antibodies with low toxicity and high efficiency have raised expectations for the development of next-generation protein therapeutics. However, the process of obtaining therapeutic antibodies remains time consuming and empirical. This review summarizes recent progresses in the field of computer-aided antibody development mainly focusing on antibody modeling, which i...

Computer simulation is an indispensable tool for the design of new VLSI devices. Besides the progress in physical models and computational techniques which has dominated technology computer aided design (TCAD) in the past, purely software-related aspects are attracting increasing attention and will become a crucial issue for future developments in this field.

statement of problem: recent clinical results for zirconia all-ceramic restorations have revealed that the fracture rate 6-15% of the zirconia framework is so low and the core of zirconia has high stability. however, chipping-off fractures of porcelain are the most common reason for failures of zirconia in the fixed partial dentures. objectives: the purpose of this study was to compare the shea...