The atmospheres of terrestrial planets are expected to be in long-term radiation balance: an increase in the absorption of solar radiation warms the surface and troposphere, which leads to a matching increase in the emission of thermal radiation. Warming a wet planet such as Earth would make the atmosphere moist and optically thick such that only thermal radiation emitted from the upper troposp...

In the modern era, due to urbanization, industrialization, and anthropogenic activities in catchment, greenhouse gas (GHG; CO2, CH4, N2O) emissions from freshwater ecosystems received scientific attention because of global warming future climate impacts. A developing country such as India contributes a huge share (4% global) GHGs its (e.g., rivers, lakes, reservoirs) atmosphere. This is first c...

Attempts to reduce the problem of tuberculosis through organised efforts had their beginnings in India in the late thirties. With the introduction of chemotherapy, organised home treatment of tuberculosis from the TB clinics, situated mainly in cities and district headquarter towns, was started. The mass BCG campaign, started in 1951, gave the first indications that the problem of tuberculosis ...

The antigreenhouse effect results from a high altitude haze which blocks sunlight while allowing transmission of thermal infrared. An antigreenhouse is observed on Titan and has been proposed for the early Earth. Here, we derive an analytic solution useful for computing the atmospheric and surface temperature with both the greenhouse and antigreenhouse effects included. In agreement with detail...

Greenhouse environment has the characteristics such as multipleinput, multiple-output, nonlinearity, and difficulties of establishing its accurate mathematical model. Therefore, in order to make the greenhouse environment control more effective and accurate, an expert system of variable universe fuzzy control based on BP neural network has been proposed. In this method an appropriate universe i...

We assess the roles of long-lived greenhouse gases and ozone depletion in driving meridional surface pressure gradients in the southern extratropics; these gradients are a defining feature of the Southern Annular Mode. Stratospheric ozone depletion is thought to have caused a strengthening of this mode during summer, with increasing long-lived greenhouse gases playing a secondary role. Using a ...

2 [1] There is good evidence that higher global temperatures will promote a rise of greenhouse gas levels, implying a positive feedback which will increase the effect of anthropogenic emissions on global temperatures. However, the magnitude of this effect predicted by the available models remains highly uncertain, due to the accumulation of uncertainties in the processes thought to be involved....

Using a one-dimensional radiative-convective model, we perform a sensitivity study of the effect of ozone depletion in the stratosphere on the surface temperature. There could be a cooling of the surface temperature by -0.2 K due to chlorofluoromethane-induced ozone depletion at steady state (assuming 1973 release rates). This cooling reduces significantly the greenhouse effect due to the prese...

114 listener judges evaluated speech samples containing the fundamental frequency contour only of patients recorded during depression and after recovery. In 80% of the ratings the listeners could determine whether or not the recording emanated from the depressive pkaase. A group of conservatory students contained a significantly larger percentage of proficient raters than a group of law student...