this study intended to develop a model describing speaking strategies for efl learners by taking into account the effects of learners’ gender and proficiency on the application of strategies. accordingly, this study was planned to have two main analyses, namely qualitative and quantitative. in this respect, 30 efl learners' viewpoints were sought, and then, based on the elicited responses, a 21...

the present research was an attempt to provide new evidence for the efficacy of task-based techniques to speaking proficiency development. the primary focus of the study was to investigate the effects of task-based techniques on speaking proficiency development. in the second place, it tried to scrutinize the effect of gender on speaking proficiency development under task-based principles of la...

this research is intended to investigate educational change in complexity paradigm. complexity paradigm provide a new perspective for thinkers to changing the world and it's phenomena and many of theorists present new viewpoints in variant scientific domains according to the main components of this paradigm. for this, the researcher first investigates and criticizes educational change theories ...

This paper investigates whether stuttering rates in English-speaking adults and children are influenced by phonological and morphological complexity at the ends of words. The phonology of English inflection is such that morphological and phonological complexity are confounded, and previous research has indicated that phonological complexity influences stuttering. Section 1 of this paper conside...

english passive has always been regarded as a challenge by farsi-speaking efl learners. despite the presence of many linguistic and pedagogical approaches in studying and teaching english passive, there still appears to be a pedagogical gap facing farsi-speaking efl learners dealing with this construction. taking up the cognitive-construction grammar perspective, the present article aims to inv...