In experimental research, a pretest–posttest design is often used to examine the effect of treatment or intervention. Establishing equivalency across tests essential for this type research ensure validity study results. However, studies that explore test/task are scarce in second language research. This investigates seven picture-based narrative tasks such as those commonly and tests. The oral ...

Although several studies have explored the effects of task sequencing on second language (L2) production, there is no established set criteria to sequence tasks for learners in L2 writing classrooms. This study examined effect simple ? complex manipulated along both resource-directing (± number elements) and resource-dispersing planning time) factors compared individual performance using Robins...

Abstract As the effects of self-assessment, peer assessment, and teacher assessment on EFL learners’ writing CAF speaking have not examined in Iran, this research compared their effectiveness developing Iranian students’ CAF. Moreover, attitudes students towards three types assessments. To achieve these objectives, 75 intermediate learners were selected based a convenience sampling method divid...

Verbal fluency test is a useful method to evaluate cognitive executive functions. Studies have shown that both types of verbal fluency test (phonemic and semantic) are influenced by brain damage. This test is rarely used by clinicians because it takes too much time to perform. Therefore, we decided to increase its speed and accuracy by designing a verbal fluency test application in Persian lang...

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is vulnerable to various deliberate and unintentional interferences. Therefore, identifying and coping with various interferences in this system is essential. This paper analyzes a method of reducing the dimensions of Cross Ambiguity Function (CAF) images in improving the identification of spoofing interference at the GPS using Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural N...