high speed trains are an indispensable part of rapid transportation systems in many countries. as the fastest means of transport on the ground, these trains are extremely sensitive to the terrain and track conditions. geometrical irregularities and mechanical characteristics of the track, together with inconsistencies in the lane (including bridges that support the track) are considered importa...

Time scale parametric spike train distances like the Victor and the van Rossum distances are often applied to study the neural code based on neural stimuli discrimination. Different neural coding hypotheses, such as rate or coincidence coding, can be assessed by combining a time scale parametric spike train distance with a classifier in order to obtain the optimal discrimination performance. Th...

Original scientific paper MODIS and CALIOP are two independent observation instruments in the A-train satellite constellation. They both provide aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals and scan the same points on the Earth’s surface within a two-minute interval. With different design principles, MODIS and CALIOP instruments obtain varying AOD retrieval accuracies under different conditions. In t...

A computer algorithm to identify 'bursts' in trains of spikes is described. The algorithm works by constructing a histogram of interspike intervals, then analyzing the histogram to detect the critical interval value in the distribution that represents the break between short intervals within a burst and the longer intervals between bursts. When such a value is found, it is used as the 'threshol...

The common use of UIC Pneumatic braking plant in long freight trains may involve time delays in the application of the braking forces along the convoy. This variable braking action along the train may cause heavy longitudinal efforts that could lead to wagons damaging and even cause train derailment. Simulations of these phenomena are very important both for safety and economic reasons since lo...

We describe the results of quantitative information theoretic analyses of neural encoding, particularly in the primate visual, olfactory, taste, hippocampal, and orbitofrontal cortex. Most of the information turns out to be encoded by the firing rates of the neurons, that is by the number of spikes in a short time window. This has been shown to be a robust code, for the firing rate representati...