Introduction: Apoptosis dysregulation plays a substantial role in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammation and its related symptoms such as edema. Regulation of NF-ĸB activation is involved in apoptosis pattern change. The current study aimed at verifying the effects of local inflammation on edema and changes in apoptotic markers, and investigating the possible role of NF-ĸB in apoptosis pat...

Disseminated encephalomyelitis was readily induced in mice of the Swiss strain by means of repeated intramuscular and subcutaneous injections of apparently normal mouse brain mixed with an adjuvant. The latter consisted of autoclaved virulent tubercle bacilli and heavy liquid petrolatum, a modification of the Freund adjuvant. The syndrome and the histopathological picture of the induced malady ...

introduction: immune system is involved in the etiology and pathophysiology of inflammation and vitamins are important sources of substances inducing nonspecific immunomodulatory effects. given the proinflammatory role of cytokines in the inflammation and pain induction, this study aimed to assess the effects of long-term administration of vitamin b1 on the proinflammatory cytokines, edema, and...

The crystal delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is less toxic to larvae of Anopheles freeborni than to larvae of Aedes aegypti. However, when solubilized crystal was used, larvae from both species showed similar sensitivities. This effect presumably was due to the differences in feeding behavior between the two mosquito larvae when crystal preparations are used. A proce...

Background:  The development of nanotechnology has been a boon to mankind as its significance paved the way for several applications in therapeutics. This study was to evaluate the anti-arthritic capability of nano Selenium-lovastatin mixture (Lov-Se) against inflammatory cascade in arthritic irradiated rats. Materials and Methods: Animal model of Arthritis was organized by subcutaneous in...

introduction: multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease. in the present study, we investigated the response of subventricular zone (svz) adult stem cells in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), an animal model of ms, and also the differentiation fate of these stem cells. methods: mice were immunized with mog peptide emulsified in complete freund&apo...

Abstract Introduction: In this study the role of PGE2 as an important inflammatory mediator in Indomethacine and Theophylline effects on joint diameter and vascular response of chronically inflamed rat knee joint to saphenous nerve stimulation was investigated. Methods: Inflammation was induced by intraarticular injection of 0.2 ml Freund,s Complete Adjuvant (FCA) and 3, 7, 14, 21 days post i...

Introduction: Stimulation of peptidergic fibers activates microglia in the dorsal horn. Microglia activation causes fractalkine (FKN) release, a neuron-glia signal, which enhances pain. The transient vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) mediates the release of neuropeptides, which can subsequently activate glia. TRPV1 and TRPV2 are generally expressed on C and Aδ fibers, respe...

Adjuvants are considered to play an important role in directing the isotype and amount of antibodies produced upon immunization by conducting the development of either Th-1 or Th-2 cells upon T-cell stimulation. This is based on the different cytokine production patterns that were observed after in vitro resttmulation of T cells isolated from mice immunized with antigen either adsorbed on alum ...