This paper seeks to examine empirically the extent to which actors in subsidiaries of multinational companies (MNCs) are able to exercise some choice in the face of global pressures from the MNC headquarters (HQ). We argue that managerial practices in MNCs are not the result of a simple imposition of a global or a MNC organisational rationality but are subject to an interactive process, where d...

Much attention has been focused in recent years on the ethical acceptability of physicians receiving gifts from drug companies. Professional guidelines recognize industry gifts as a conflict of interest and establish thresholds prohibiting the exchange of large gifts while expressly allowing for the exchange of small gifts such as pens, note pads, and coffee. Considerable evidence from the soci...

Although the influence of research onmedical practice has become a key concern, the influence of pharmaceutical advertising in medical journals has received little attention. There is evidence that advertising influences doctors’ behaviour more than they might think. Important pockets of research exist in this area but tend to focus on the scientific validity of the text and rarely give much at...

nowadays, close competition and high cost of production cause the loss reduction and waste recovery to be one of the most concern of industrial and production companies and factories. for this, managers are looking for new methods to reduce the defect in the product line of the factories. image processing and machine monitoring systems are technologies used in different fields of military, phys...

The aim of the research is to analyze the different aspects associated with the motivation and benefits of certified ISO 9001 companies in Portugal. A total of 426 certified Portuguese companies were surveyed. The response rate was equal to 61.03 percent. Our results suggest that the main motivation for certification were “improvement of quality”, “improvement of company image”, “marketing adva...

as one way to approach industrial symbiosis, environmental infrastructure sharing is principally concerned with providing an integrated environmental utility system for clustered firms. it is based on the assumption that environmental infrastructure sharing can improve the regional competitive advantage by reducing overall cost and improving environmental performance. in order to verify the ass...

The therapy is called EWOT (exercise with oxygen therapy) or multi-step therapy. You’ve read about it in the past, but that’s just the beginning of what will be one of the biggest breakthroughs ever in antiaging medicine in decades, and yet it’s still virtually ignored by the medical establishment. Why? Probably because it doesn’t cost much, so the doctors and drug companies aren’t going to get...

BACKGROUND Although there is a consensus that clozapine is more effective than conventional antipsychotic drugs for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, there is great heterogeneity among results of relevant trials. AIMS To re-evaluate the evidence comparing clozapine with conventional antipsychotics and to investigate sources of heterogeneity. METHOD Individual studies were inspected with as...