We investigate the relation between the structure of a Moufang loop and its inner mapping group. Moufang loops of odd order with commuting inner mappings have nilpotency class at most two. 6-divisible Moufang loops with commuting inner mappings have nilpotency class at most two. There is a Moufang loop of order 2 with commuting inner mappings and of nilpotency class three.

In this paper we study various simplicial complexes associated to the commutative structure of a finite group G. We define NC(G) (resp. C(G)) as the complex associated to the poset of pairwise non-commuting (resp. commuting) sets of nontrivial elements in G. We observe that NC(G) has only one positive dimensional connected component, which we call BNC(G), and we prove that BNC(G) is simply conn...

The spatial distribution of households and firms, or urban spatial structure, is a core element of the study of urban economics and the crucial determinant of commuting patterns. This paper examines developments in the analysis of urban spatial structure and commuting that are related to the urban labour market that is the analysis of labour supply and labour demand in a spatial context. These ...

BACKGROUND Increasing active transport behavior (walking, cycling) throughout the life-course is a key element of physical activity promotion for health. There is, however, a need to better understand the correlates of specific domains of walking and cycling to identify more precisely at-risk populations for public health interventions. In addition, current knowledge of interactions between dom...

In this paper the dynamical noninvariance group SO(4, 2) for a hydrogen-like atom is derived through two different approaches. The first one is by an established traditional ascent process starting from the symmetry group SO(3). This approach is presented in a mathematically oriented original way with a special emphasis on maximally superintegrable systems, N-dimensional extension and little gr...

This paper documents a little-noticed feature of US labor markets—very large variation in the labor supply of married women across cities. We focus on cross-city differences in commuting times as a potential explanation for this variation. We start with a model in which commuting times introduce non-convexities into the budget set. Empirical evidence is consistent with the model’s predictions: ...

We will investigate so-called commuting operators and their relationship to bisymmetry and domination. In the case of bisymmetric aggregation operators we will show a sufficient condition ensuring that two operators commute, while for bisymmetric aggregation operators with neutral element we will even give a full characterization of commuting n-ary operators by means of unary commuting operators.

Delineation of commuting regions has always been based on statistical units, often municipalities or wards. However, using these units has certain disadvantages as their land areas differ considerably. Much information is lost in the larger spatial base units and distortions in self-containment values, the main criterion in rule-based delineation procedures, occur. Alternatively, one can start ...

BACKGROUND Most public transit users walk to and from transit. We analyzed the relationship between transit commuting and objectively measured physical activity. METHODS Adults aged 20 to 65 working outside the home (n = 1237) were randomly selected from neighborhoods in Seattle and Baltimore regions. Neighborhoods had high or low median income and high or low mean walkability. Mean daily min...