Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has contributed the least of any world region to the global accumulation of greenhouse gas emissions; however, this region will probably be more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change than any other [1]. Less than 7% of the world’s total emissions of greenhouse gases emanate from the African continent [2]; thus the continent contributes very little overall to clima...

abstract this study was carried out in japan for evaluation of the relationship between phenolic compounds and skin color indices of 3 apples cultivars including ‘fuji’, ‘jonathan’ and ‘jonagold’, in 2006. in ‘jonathan’, l* (lightness) increased with decreasing red color of skin. in ‘jonagold’, chroma increased with increasing red color. but in ‘fuji’, there was no detectable difference between...

In recent studies of the changing dynamics of the tourism sector, the concepts of innovation and knowledge transfer have featured prominently (Shaw and Williams 2009; Hall and Williams 2008). In a growing body of knowledge, it is argued that innovation among businesses and organisations is vital in order to be able respond to contemporary challenges, in particular in the area of sustainable tou...

Four novel receptors were designed and synthesized for colorimetric detection of F− ions. The introduction of four electron withdrawing groups into the backbone of the receptors makes the two phenolic groups efficient hydrogen bonding sites. The binding properties of receptors with anions were examined for the first time by UV–Vis, 1H NMR and fluorescence spectroscopies. The addition of F− resu...

The parvocellular visual pathway in the primate brain is known to be involved with the processing of color. However, a subject of debate is whether an abrupt change in color, conveyed via this pathway, is capable of automatically attracting attention. It has been shown that the appearance of new objects defined solely by color is indeed capable of modulating attention. However, given evidence s...

Although camouXage is a common predator defense strategy across a wide variety of organisms, direct tests of the adaptive and ecological consequences of camouXage are rare. In this study, we demonstrated that closely related crabs in the family Epialtidae coexist in the same algal environment but use alternative forms of camouXage– –decoration and color change––to protect themselves from predat...

objectives : the aim of this study was to assess the effect of artificial accelerated aging (aaa) on color change of direct and indirect fiber-reinforced composite (frc) restorations. materials and methods: direct (z250) and indirect (gradia) composite resins were reinforced with glass (gf) and polyethylene fibers (pf) based on the manufacturers’ instructions. forty samples were fabricated and ...

Background and Aim: Discoloration is a major concern with regard to the use of tooth-colored restorations. Type of restorative material and surface treatment are believed to play a role in this regard. This study sought to compare the color change of glazed and polished dental porcelain after 30 days of immersion in chlorhexidine (CHX). Materials and Methods: In this in vitro, experimental s...