Abstract;The arrival of allies in post-independence Indonesia raised concerns among the founding fathers and kiai re-colonization. One responses to allied troops came from Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), which is known for its jihad fatwas resolusi jihad. The became NU's national ijtihad order prevent re-colonization (defensive jihad). This call calls on official government carry out an armed struggle, a...

in the contemporary political philosophy was presented the various resolutions for release of female from repression and inequality. for example, the feminists of the post-structuralisms foucault speak about the permanent refusal of female in opposition. the feminists of the post-modernists baudrillard defend from the acute of male matter for depletion of the central cause. the feminists of pos...

The production of early Indonesian literature was characterized by the reading movement groups referred to colonial as wild reading. colonialists defined implying political notions criticizing government who ruled at that time result provocatively against them. study aims see imagery character insinuate criticism towards in both novels. theory studies literary comparisons analysis tools. method...

Introduction The 1994 genocide in Rwanda has spawned a vast literature, as scholars and policy-makers alike try to explain and to make sense of what happened. What has tended to receive less attention, however, is the complex and multi-layered conflict resolution process that preceded the genocide. It is this process – which culminated in the signing of the Arusha Accords on 4 August 1993 – tha...

The aim of this article is to determine the influence vedic culture on development Ukrainian law. paper utilises elements comparative study law, linguistics, and deductive methods. was rediscovered by Englishmen, when they conquered India. colonialists discovered, that in remote Asian country preserved dominated local people. On basis sacred books – Vedas complicated system law developed. It fi...

The relationship between nineteenth century England and colonial India was complex in terms of negotiating the different constituencies that claimed an interest in the economic and moral development of the colonies. After India became subject to the sovereignty of the English Monarchy in 1858, its future became indelibly linked with that of England’s, yet India’s own unique history and culture ...

This article examines commercial activities, the impact of political interaction between local powers and foreign colonialists, other issues in making colonial port cities Asia. By analyzing formation history Hải Phòng, one largest seaports Vietnam during nineteenth century, author this study argues that indigenous factors played a more important role than standard Western requirements for Euro...

The city of Surabaya is a known for the history struggle Surabaya’s people who fought Indonesian against Dutch colonialists, which Bung Karno pioneered. On November 10, 1945, made Hero's Day to commemorate heroes have fallen on battlefield. Tunjungan Street was one silent witnesses area tore flag and became witness in development become metropolitan city. built 20th century so this road famous ...

For several decades, the 4-aminoquinolines chloroquine (CQ) and amodiaquine (AQ) were considered the most important drugs for the control and eradication of malaria. The success of this class has been based on excellent clinical efficacy, limited host toxicity, ease of use and simple, cost-effective synthesis. Importantly, chloroquine therapy is affordable enough for use in the developing world...

Within society and public discourse, antisemitism is still perceived as emanating predominantly from the political Right. However, reactions to the Six-Day War in 1967 demonstrated the falsity of this assumption. Anti-Zionist attitudes spread in German public discourse, notably among the New Left. Although the left attempts to distance itself from antisemitism, it nevertheless justifies the rep...