This paper is concerned with the relationship between solidarity and difference in European countries of immigration. Public and policy discourses on immigration and ethnic diversity in Europe have undergone substantial changes in recent years, revealing a shift away from the pluralist and multicultural approaches of the 1970s and 1980s. The new emphasis is on social cohesion and integration in...

OBJECTIVES Drawing from collective efficacy and social disorganization theories, we developed and validated measures of neighborhood-level social processes. METHODS Data came from 2 large, population-based cohort studies of urban-dwelling older adults, the Chicago Neighborhood and Disability Study (CNDS, n = 3,882) and the Baltimore Memory Study (BMS, n = 1,140). Data on neighborhood social p...

Ibn Khaldun and Ernest Gellner have both developed comprehensive yet very different theories of social cohesion. Whereas traces the development intense group solidarity to ascetic lifestyles nomadic warriors, for cohesion is a product material conditions. In contrast Khaldun?s theory, where all ties are generated through similar processes, in Gellner?s model patterns collective change time, tha...

This paper presents preliminary findings from an ethnographic study of distributed, parallel debugging in an open source software (OSS) community. Focusing on the OSS developers' daily activities, I propose the concept of making software debuggable. In so doing, I see a somewhat different story than common narratives of debugging in current OSS research, which describes distributed, parallel de...

This paper presents preliminary findings from an ethnographic study of distributed, parallel debugging in an open source software (OSS) community. Focusing on the OSS developers' daily activities, I propose the concept of making software debuggable. In so doing, I see a somewhat different story than common narratives of debugging in current OSS research, which describes distributed, parallel de...

The primary aims of this paper are to review the concept of social capital and related constructs and to provide a brief guide to their operationalization and measurement. We focus on four existing constructs: collective efficacy, psychological sense of community, neighborhood cohesion and community competence. Each of these constructs taps into slightly different, yet overlapping, aspects of s...

Collective navigation demands that group members reach consensus on which path to follow, a task that might become more challenging when the group's members have different social connections. Group decision-making mechanisms have been studied successfully in the past using individual-based modelling, although many of these studies have neglected the role of social connections between the group'...

As with other forms of violent behaviour, bullying is the result of multiple influences acting on different societal levels. Yet the majority of studies on bullying focus primarily on the characteristics of individual bullies and bullied. Fewer studies have explored how the characteristics of central contexts in young people's lives are related to bullying behaviour over and above the influence...