The main purpose of this study was to analyze the effective solutions in the field of waste management in municipalities. The statistical population in this survey –based study consisted of the citizens that lived in Orumiyeh city in West Azerbaijan Province. By using Cochran formula, sample size was estimated to include 180 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The reliability ...

In recent years, comprehensive researches have provided ample support for the supply chains in the coordinated decision-making framework. However, the issue of closed-loop supply chain coordination considering various transportation modes has not yet been addressed in the literature. In this paper, a two-echelon closed-loop supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer is investigate...

about half a century ago, following the introduction of urban sprawl up concept, various studies have been conducted to describe the mechanism and the formation of this phenomenon. some of these studies aimed at finding the negative and positive impacts of such phenomenon on urban area with emphasis on how such concept may be looked open from environmental, economical and social perspectives.th...

Transportation is considered as a major stressor for farm animals and might have deleterious effects on the health, wellbeing, performance and ultimately on product quality. The European Commission has adopted new transportation rules for animal transport, but research on stress related situations before, during and after transport is still scarce. Assessment of stress during animal transportat...

he increasing trend toward ambulatory care, home healthcare, nursing home care, and other alternate sites, has created variations in laboratory services and increased probability of medical errors. As an example, in order to increase laboratory volume, laboratory administrators have had to redirect blood collection services to outlying home and clinic settings via contracts with various physici...

In intelligent transportation systems (ITS), transportation infrastructure is complimented with information and communication technologies with the objectives of attaining improved passenger safety, reduced transportation time and fuel consumption and vehicle wear and tear. With the advent of modern communication and computational devices and inexpensive sensors it is possible to collect and pr...

This paper is focusing on an important transportation application encountered in supply chains, namely the capacitated two-stage fixed-charge transportation problem. For solving this complex optimization problem we described a novel hybrid heuristic approach obtained by combining a genetic algorithm based on a hash table coding of the individuals with a powerful local search procedure. The prop...

This article considers the two-stage fixed-charge transportation problem which models an important transportation application in a supply chain, from manufacturers to customers through distribution centers. For solving this optimization problem we describe a hybrid algorithm that combines a steady-state genetic algorithm with a local search procedure. The computational results for an often used...

The vehicle routing problem has been widely studied from a technical point of view for more than 50 years. Many of its variants are rooted in practical settings. This paper provides a survey of the main real-life applications of road-based goods transportation over the past 15 years. It reviews papers in the areas of oil, gas and fuel transportation, retail, waste collection and management, mai...