Deformation is the direct cause of heritage object collapse. It is significant to monitor and signal the early warnings of the deformation of heritage objects. However, traditional heritage object monitoring methods only roughly monitor a simple-shaped heritage object as a whole, but cannot monitor complicated heritage objects, which may have a large number of surfaces inside and outside. Wirel...

The extensional collapse of the Scandinavian Caledonides resulted in rapid tectonic denudation of the orogen, exhumation of highand ultra-high-pressure metamorphic rocks and provided a structural template for the formation of Devonian supra-detachment sedimentary basins. The geometry and intensity of the extensional deformation show considerable variation vertically in the crustal section as we...

Pristine single crystalline gold particles with sizes ranging from 300 to 700 nm have been fabricated through high-temperature (1150 C) liquid de-wetting of gold thin films atop a specially designed SiO2/Si substrate for in situ transmission electron microscopy testing. Quantitative compression tests showed that these particles display cataclysmic structural collapse immediately following elast...

A two-dimensional computer code, using a multi-material Eulerian finite element formulation, was used to investigate the dynamic micromechanical behavior of granular material. The main results are : The strain-rate insensitive material model provides the correct increase in the dissipated energy with an increase of shock pressure ; An increase in the initial porosity or the pressure results in ...

Insight into the mechanics of brittle strain localization and fault propagation is gained by investigating the growth of deformation bands and fault–related deformation band damage zones. In porous granular rocks such as sandstone or tuff, the onset of brittle strain localization is characterized by pore space collapse along nucleating deformation bands, then by shear displacements along propag...

The columns of frame structures are the key load-bearing components and the exterior columns are susceptible to attack in terrorist blasts. When subjected to blast loads, the columns would suffer a loss of bearing capacity to a certain extent due to the damage imparted which may lead to their collapse and even cause the progressive collapse of the whole structure . The concrete-filled steel col...

Tunnelling through cities underlain by soft soil, commonly associated with soil movement around the tunnels and subsequent surface settlement. The predication of ground movement during the tunnelling and optimum support pressure could be based on analytical, empirical or the numerical methods. The commonly used Earth pressure balance (EPB) tunneling machines, uses the excavated soil in a pressu...

Nonspherical collapse is modelled, under the Zeldovich approximation, by sixdimensional random walks of the initial deformation tensor field. The collapse boundary adopted here is a slightly-modified version of that proposed by Chiueh and Lee (2001). Not only the mass function agrees with the fitting formula of Sheth and Tormen (1999), but the bias function and conditional mass function constru...

The Press-Schechter theory of the cosmological mass function and its modifications allow constraint of cosmological scenarios of structure formation. Recently, a few new models that explored the influence of anisotropic collapse on the shape of the mass function have been suggested. I discuss in more detail a particular model that assumes a fluid particle becomes part of a gravitationally bound...