We theoretically and numerically investigate the nonparaxial self-accelerating beams in a Λ-type three-level energy system of rubidium atomic vapor in the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window. In the EIT window, the absorption of the atomic vapor is small, and robust nonparaxial self-accelerating beams can be generated. The reason is that the energy of the tail transfers to the...

This study investigated the effects of increasing mercury (Hg) concentration on early developmental stages of sea urchin, Echinomethra mathaei, as a bioindicator. The toxicity test was carried out after the gamete released induction and fertilization in six concentrations of mercury within the range of 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 µg/L. Embryos samples were incubated for 30 h in control and test so...

This study investigated the effects of increasing mercury (Hg) concentration on early developmental stages of sea urchin, Echinomethra mathaei, as a bioindicator. The toxicity test was carried out after the gamete released induction and fertilization in six concentrations of mercury within the range of 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 µg/L. Embryos samples were incubated for 30 h in control and test so...

BACKGROUND The objective of this work was developing a simple and stable time-based on-line setup for assessing the potential of mercury (Hg) vapor adsorption of the commercial sorbents used in air sampling and control operation followed by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS). METHODS A special designed separation chamber was used where reduction of the injected Hg (II) solution...

Um método simples e robusto para a determinação de Hg em amostras ambientais por espectrometria de absorção atômica com geração de vapor frio diretamente de suspensões ácidas é proposto. Após redução do tamanho das partículas da amostra para ≤ 50 μm em gral de ágata, dois procedimentos foram utilizados para a preparação das suspensões: com 6,7% v/v de ácido nítrico ou 10% v/v de água-régia mais...

The detection of toxic trace metals in the environment is a highly important yet challenging analytical problem. Because of the growing awareness of environmental mercury pollution and its high toxicity, it is becoming more urgent to develop highly sensitive techniques for the detection of Hg (1). Spectroscopic techniques such as coldvapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CV-AFS),(2) cold-vapo...