discriminate helpers from hinderers. These results clearly challenge the view that infants start out as egoists who have to be trained to become prosocial through systematic cultural intervention. Rather, they suggest that altruism and cooperation comes to humans naturally from the start. Evolution and human cognitive development Interestingly, virtually all of the amazing skills that human inf...

The impact of parenting and motor skills on the development of cognitive, language, and daily living skills was examined in 165 children (91 with spina bifida, SB), from 6–36 months of age. Motor scores significantly influenced cognitive, language, and daily living skills. Higher quality parenting was associated with higher levels of development and faster growth in cognitive and language skill...

The cognitive skills that support decoding, such as attention, visual discrimination, visual sequential processing, immediate memory and working memory, must be automatic for successful reading. Many struggling readers are deficient in these skills. But despite the necessity of these skills, they are not generally taught in schools. In fact, the primary challenge in improving the teaching of re...

objectives : stressful life events, coping strategies and attitude towards life have been known as important components in tendency toward substance abuse. this study investigates coping patterns and dysfunctional attitudes among a group of clients at mashhad welfare center as substance abusers comparing with those of control group. method: 50 male substance abusers were selected randomly and m...

The present study aims to identify the level of cognitive skills and abilities of children who suffer from the Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the differences in the level of cognitive skills and abilities according to the age group and the level of academic achievement. To achieve the objective of the study, a questionnaire consisting of (26) cognitive abilities or skil...

Objective. The purpose of the study was to compare the cognitive skills of young children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to same-aged peers referred for possible developmental delays or behavioral concerns using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Third Edition. Method. A retrospective chart review was conducted of 147 children ages 16 to 38 months who were referred to a diag...

Recent evidence from economics and psychology highlights the importance of traits other than general intelligence for success in school and in life (Almlund, Duckworth, Heckman, & Kautz, 2011; Borghans, Duckworth, Heckman, & ter Weel, 2008; Moffitt et al., 2011). Disparities in so-called non-cognitive skills appear to contribute to the academic achievement gap separating wealthy from disadvanta...