This review presents an overview of a challenging problem in auditory perception, the cocktail party phenomenon, the delineation of which goes back to a classic paper by Cherry in 1953. In this review, we address the following issues: (1) human auditory scene analysis, which is a general process carried out by the auditory system of a human listener; (2) insight into auditory perception, which ...

A novel image protection scheme called \cocktail watermark-ing" is proposed in this paper. We analyze and point out the inadequacy of the modulation techniques commonly used in ordinary spread spectrum watermarking methods and the visual model-based ones. To resolve this inadequacy, two watermarks which play complementary roles are simultaneously embedded into a host image. The new watermark-in...

opamine and -synuclein are a toxic combination for neurons, say Jin Xu, Bruce Yankner (Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts) and colleagues. Aggregations of -synuclein are a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and mutations in its gene are associated with familial forms of the disease. Yankner wanted to know why the protein is so toxic. When he overexpressed either wild-type or mutant f...

The human auditory system is able to focus on one speech signal and ignore other speech signals in an auditory scene where several conversations are taking place. This ability of the human auditory system is referred to as the “cocktail-party effect”. This property of human hearing is partly made possible by binaural listening. Interaural time differences (ITDs) and interaural level differences...

Speech segregation, or the cocktail party problem, has proven to be extremely challenging. This presentation describes a computational auditory scene analysis (CASA) approach to the cocktail party problem. This approach performs auditory segmentation and grouping in a two-dimensional time-frequency representation that encodes proximity in frequency and time, periodicity, amplitude modulation, a...

Five hexapeptides were prepared containing, in a domino-type arrangement, all 25 possible dipeptides between (1) aromatic, (2) hydrophobic, (3) positively charged, (4) negatively charged, and (5) small and polar amino acids. The peptides were fluorescence labeled at the N-terminus with a (7-coumaryl)oxyacetyl group, allowing the selective detection of N-terminal cleavage products. The five pept...

In various approaches, data cubes are pre-computed in order to answer e ciently Olap queries. Such cubes are also successfully used for multidimensional analysis of data streams. The notion of data cube has been declined in various ways : iceberg cubes, range cubes or di erential cubes. In this paper, we introduce the concept of convex cube which captures all the tuples of a datacube satisfying...

Natural auditory environments, be they cocktail parties or rain forests, contain many things that concurrently make sounds. The cocktail party problem is the task of hearing a sound of interest, often a speech signal, in this sort of complex auditory setting (Figure 1). The problem is intrinsically quite difficult, and there has been longstanding interest in how humans manage to solve it. The p...

A complex computational model of the human ability to listen to certain signals in preference of others, also called the cocktail party phenomenon, is built on the basis of surveys into the relevant psychological, DSP, and neural network literature. This model is basically binaural and as such it makes use of both spectral data and spatial data in determining which speaker to listen to. The mod...

An amino acid might help fight chronic hepatitis, according to a study by Das et al. (page 2111). The amino acid arginine is indispensible for the host's T cell response against tumors or chronic infection. Without arginine, a T cell receptor (TCR) component cannot be produced efficiently, thus dampening TCR signaling. As a result, the cells do not proliferate normally or produce the survival c...