BACKGROUND Influenza B strains from two distinct lineages (Yamagata and Victoria) have cocirculated over recent years. Current seasonal vaccines contain a single B lineage resulting in frequent mismatches between the vaccine strain and the circulating strain. An Ann Arbor strain quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (Q/LAIV) containing B strains from both lineages is being developed to...

this review presents a brief outline of our current knowledge of the structure and chemical composition of the outer membrane vesicles (omvs), originating from the surface of gram negative bacteria including their outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharides. moreover, the functional roles and applications of omvs in medical research such as omv-based vaccines, omv adjuvants properties, omv ...

Introduction Raymond Hutubessy is a senior health economist affiliated to the Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB) Department of the World Health Organization (WHO), and is the executive secretary of the WHO Immunization and Vaccines related Implementation Research Advisory Committee (IVIR-AC). His main research interests focus on economic and financial analyses of vaccine introduction ...

Fourteenbreedinggiltswere movedfrom a highhealth-status multiplication facility to a dirt lot. Most exhibited diarrhea after four days and one died after seven days. The gilts, from a source herd with no history of coccidial infection, were diagnosed with Eimeria-induced coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis. Eimeria infestation is not typically pathogenic. High-health-status swine appear to be pa...

Stability studies play a critical role in assuring product quality at all points in the vaccine life cycle. These studies used to determine vaccine expiry date and vaccine efficacy. Accelerated stability and long term stability study performed for three batches of trivalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) and three batches of monovalent OPV (type1) manufactured by Razi institute. After samplin...

This article describes the in vitro and in vivo effects of a 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25[OH]D) treatment in layer hens during a mixed coccidia challenge. HD11 cells (chicken macrophage cell line) were treated in vitro with a coccidia antigen or in a medium supplemented with either 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25[OH]2D) or 25(OH)D. HD11 cells treated in vitro with 200 nM of 1,25(OH)2D had ...

This paper reports prevalence of coccidial oocysts in fecal samples from 6 endemic and 2 introduced lizard species on Mauritius, an island nation in the Indian Ocean. Total coccidian prevalence was 54% (n = 341) for the endemic 'ornate day gecko,' Phelsuma ornata; 48% (n = 159) for the endemic 'Durrell's night gecko,' Nactus durrelli; 53% (n = 15) for the endemic 'Serpent Island night gecko,' N...

stability study of biological products plays an important role for determination of product changes in maintenance period and ensuring of safety and efficacy of vaccines. in this research, accelerated and long-term stability study performed for six batches of full and reduced-dose cattle iriba strain brucellosis vaccine that manufactured by razi vaccine and serum research institute as a new vac...