~ Organic matter from aquatic and terrestrial sources provides the carbon energy that 'drives' aquatic food webs. Most streams and rivers are heterotrophic — that is, more carbon is consumed (e.g. by animals and bacteria) than is produced within the system by aquatic plants. However, despite the presence of vast amounts of carbon in streams and rivers, only a small proportion of the total is tr...

[1] The present study examines variations in the reference shear stress for bed load transport (tr) using coupled measurements of flow and bed load transport in 45 gravel-bed streams and rivers. The study streams encompass a wide range in bank-full discharge (1–2600 m/s), average channel gradient (0.0003–0.05), and median surface grain size (0.027–0.21 m). A bed load transport relation was form...

[1] Migrating bed forms strongly influence hydraulics, transport, and habitat in river environments. Their dynamics are exceedingly complex, making it difficult to predict their geometry and their interaction with sediment transport. Acoustic instrumentation now permits high-resolution observations of bed elevation as well as flow velocity. We present a space-time characterization of bed elevat...

Flow-rate measurement in rivers under different conditions is required for river management purposes including water resources planning, pollution prevention, and flood control. This study proposed a new discharge estimation method by using a mean velocity derived from a 2D velocity distribution formula based on Tsallis entropy concept. This procedure is done based on several factors which refl...

The current study presents an experimental procedure used to determine bedload sediment transport rates in channels with high gradients and coarse sediment. With the aim validate for further investigations, laboratory experiments were performed calculate rates. a tilting flume slopes ranging from 3% 5%. particles uniform shape (spheres). divided into four cases based on size. Three of sizes 10 ...

A common approach used to mitigate riverbank erosion and maintain watercourse alignments has been through the application of riprap or larger, more stable particles channel boundaries along reaches interest. However, very often, these large become dislodged from their intended locations (failed measures), becoming part bed material composition. In natural systems, immobile sediments boulders ca...

flow-rate measurement in rivers under different conditions is required for river management purposes including water resources planning, pollution prevention, and flood control. this study proposed a new discharge estimation method by using a mean velocity derived from a 2d velocity distribution formula based on tsallis entropy concept. this procedure is done based on several factors which refl...