The life in the 21st century carries the consequence of using many goods and conveniences of the technocratic world. Doubtless, electric energy is one of such good. According to the principle of conservation of energy, we have to use different sources of energy with the aim of production of electric current. Most frequently the energy contained in mineral fuels or nuclear energy is being used [...

Coal combustion is used in many industrial processes in South Africa. The exposure of workers and the absence of international biological monitoring standards for toluene created a problem. A cross-sectional study on 100 workers indicated that the biological threshold for ortho-cresol:creatinine ratio reference value of < 1 mg/g could presently be used as a reference for non-industrial human ex...

The techno-economic aspects of coal drying with cost effective waste heat recovery mechanism is one of the challenging issues faced while using lignite or high ash brown coal for direct combustion in coal fired thermal power plant. Coal being hygroscopic in nature, re-adsorbs considerable moisture even after conventional drying post wet coal washing condition affecting boiler performance. Parti...

Fired steam generators are the dominating technology of coal combustion in power plants. This paper presents a model for pulverized coal fired steam generators in Modelica. The model components are designed as an extension of SiemensPower, a Modelica library for transient simulation of power plants. The focus is on coal combustion, gas-particle-flow and radiation heat transfer in the furnace. T...

In the U.S., coal-based power generation is expanding again; in China, it is expanding very rapidly; and in India, it appears on the verge of rapid expansion. In all these countries and worldwide, the primary generating technology is pulverized coal (PC) combustion. PC combustion technology continues to undergo technological improvements that increase effi ciency and reduce emissions. However, ...

Executive Summary This report examines three different methods of carbon dioxide (CO 2) capture for carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) systems for coal fired power plants. The purpose of this report is to compare the three distinct technologies for overall feasibility of large scale implementation on standard coal power plants. Many political and economic reasons have forced industries, inc...

Grinding of a high volatile bituminous coal was performed in three comminution devices: Raymond Mill, Rolls Crusher and Ball Mill. The pulverised samples were sieved to obtain four particle size fractions and temperature-programmed combustion (TPC) was used for the evaluation of their combustion behaviour. In addition, three coals of different hardness and rank were mixed in various proportions...

Arsenic and selenium compounds may be emitted to the environment during coal conversion processes, although some compounds are retained in the fly ashes, in different proportions depending on the characteristics of the ashes and process conditions. The possibility of optimizing the conditions to achieve better trace element retention appears to be an attractive, economical option for reducing t...

Fire experiments were conducted in the Safety Research Coal Mine (SRCM) at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, with coal, diesel-fuel, electricalcable, conveyor-belt, and metal-cutting fire sources to determine the response of fire sensors to productsof-combustion (POC). Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) and smoke fire sensors demonstrated an...

The combustion characteristics of pulverized coal when using blast furnace slag charged with iron ore containing rare earth elements as a composite catalyst were investigated by thermo gravimetric analysis. The results show that the combustion char acteristics of pulverized coal loaded with 21.3% by weight of blast furnace slag containing 15% rare earth ore are better than those of others. It i...