JEL Classification Code(s): J 31, J 71) "Perceptions of Discrimination, Effort to Obtain Psychological Balance, and Relative Wages: Can We Infer a Happiness Gradient?" There is a substantial literature that finds a linkage between happiness and relative economic well being as measured by earnings or wages. There is also a well documented racial gap in wages. One explanation for this is disparat...

We provide new evidence on business cycle fluctuations in skewed labor income risk the United States, Germany, Sweden, and France. document four results. First, all countries, skewness of individual growth is strongly procyclical, whereas its variance flat acyclical. Second, this result also holds for continuously employed, full-time workers, indicating that hours margin not main driver; additi...

The challenge for stabilization policy presented by the COVID-19 pandemic stems above all from disruption of circular flow payments, resulting in a failure what Keynes (1936) calls “effective demand.” As consequence, economic activity many sectors can be inefficiently low, and interest-rate cannot eliminate distortions—not because limit on extent to which interest rates reduced, but reductions ...

the purpose of this paper is to investigate causality relationship between emission of carbon dioxide, the level of national income and energy consumption in iran consumption of fuel fossil as an input of production or as a final consumption which produces significant amount of pollution such as green house gases in the world. c02 emission is the most important green – house gases which has the...

Some recent research suggests benefits to a delayed CO2 emission reduction strategy. If the target level of atmospheric CO2 concentration can be achieved in spite of delay, several factors suggest economic benefits to a delay strategy. However, the analyses that lead to these conclusions typically ignore or underestimate the significant heterogeneity in the turnover rate of society’s capital st...

This paper uses a risk-shifting model to analyze policy responses asset price booms. We show risk shifting leads inefficient and credit booms in which prices can exceed fundamentals. However, the inefficiencies associated with arise independently of whether is bubble. Given evidence shifting, policymakers may not need determine if assets are bubbles justify intervention. then that some main can...

Changes in global development benchmarks, the gradual depletion of natural resources, as well climatic changes are forcing economic actors around world to look for alternative methods energy production. The transition them can be difficult due high cost produced and pressure from states corporations specializing extraction classical sources. article is devoted study renewable energy. uses a sta...

T he main objective of the present study is to find out a clear answer to the question raised in developing countries, that whether such developing economies could be able to achieve economic growth as well as protect their environment simultaneously or these economies still suffer from a severe conflict between environmental protection and economic growth. So, different categories o...