Sodium is an integral part of water, and its excessive amount in drinking water causes high blood pressure and hypertension. In the present paper, spatial distribution of sodium concentration in drinking water is modeled and optimized sampling designs for selecting sampling locations is calculated for three divisions in Punjab, Pakistan. Universal kriging and Bayesian universal kriging are used...

so far several methods have been developed for mapping and interpolation of isohyets.one of the recently accepted methods is geographically weighting regression which is suitable for evaluation of spatial heterogeneity of dependent variable by using local regressions. in order to evaluate annually precipitation spatial variation, this study was conducted in gilan province which precipitation is...

Ž . Using spatial simulated annealing SSA , spatial sampling schemes can be optimised for minimal kriging variance. Two optimisation criteria are presented in this paper. The first criterion minimises the average kriging variance, the second the maximum kriging variance. In a simple case with 23 observations, performances of a sampling scheme obtained with SSA were compared with performances of...

Kriging is a spatial prediction method, which can predict at any location and return a measure of prediction confidence (the kriging standard error). There exist many variations of kriging, some of which can be complex, especially those that allow many of its parameters to vary spatially. To calibrate such a kriging model and to be able to interpret its results can therefore be quite daunting. ...

This survey considers the optimization of simulated systems. The simulation may be either deterministic or random. The survey reflects the author’s extensive experience with simulationoptimization through Kriging (or Gaussian process) metamodels using a frequentist (non-Bayesian) approach. The analysis of Kriging metamodels may use bootstrapping. The survey discusses both parametric bootstrappi...

The Kriging method is an interpolation scheme that can be used for modeling deter-ministic computer analyses as the realization of a stochastic process. The technique has been recognized as an alternative to the traditional Response Surface method in generating approximation models of computationally expensive CFD analyses. This is due to its ability to interpolate sample data and to model a fu...

Motivated by a multi-fidelity Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) climate model application where the available simulations are not generated based on hierarchically nested experimental design, we develop new co-kriging procedure called augmented Bayesian treed co-kriging. The proposed extends scope of in two major ways. We introduce binary partition latent process multifidelity setting to a...

This paper develops a simulation optimization algorithm based on Taylor Kriging and evolutionary algorithm (SOAKEA) for simulation models with high computational expenses. In SOAKEA, an evolutionary algorithm is used to search for optimal solutions of a simulation model, and Taylor Kriging temporarily serves as a surrogate fitness function of this evolutionary algorithm to evaluate solutions. T...

Integrated transport, land-use and air quality monitoring are prioritized especially in metropolitan areas. The complexity is straight forward, since data, indicators, variables, methods and approaches vary and isolated. The Spatial Information Sciences (SIS) provides mature solutions for data and policy integration, since the nature of problem is specific to geo-spatial distribution. The inter...

In spatial data modelling and analysis there are a variety of techniques to perform prediction. The goal of these techniques is to take spatially located data and to establish estimates of data values at unknown locations. Of these techniques, the attractive aspects of kriging are often overshadowed by the slow speed of the calculation. Unfortunately the calculations necessary to perform krigin...